Managed Care - November 2008 - (Page RSV6)

daycare attendance. Exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and abbreviated breast feeding (less than 2 months) also may be pertinent risk factors. The Colorado studies show that high altitude also increases the risk of RSV hospitalization. Although hospitalization is a major outcome of severe RSV infections in infants, the development of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma later in life may be a long-term outcome that should be considered. References AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics). Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Long SS, McMillan JA, eds. Redbook: 2006. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006:560–566. Carroll KN, Gebretsadik T, Griffin MR, et al. Maternal asthma and maternal smoking are associated with increased risk of bronchiolitis during infancy. Pediatrics. 2007;19: 1104–1112. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity–United States, July 2006-November 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:1263–1265. Choudhuri JA, Ogden LG, Ruttenber AJ, et al. Effect of altitude on hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics. 2006;117:349–356. Figueras-Aloy J, Carbonell-Estrany X, Quero J; IRIS Study Group. Case-control study of the risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born at a gestational age of 33–35 weeks in Spain. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:815–820. Glezen WP, Taber LH, Frank AL, Kasel JA. Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Dis Child. 1986;140:543–546. Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. June 19, 2008. Epub ahead of print. Lemanske RF Jr, Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, et al. Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116:571–577. Light M, Bauman J, Mavunda K, et al. Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test data and hospitalization of children for RSV lower respiratory tract illness in Florida. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:512–518. Navas L, Wang E, de Carvalho V, Robinson J. Improved outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a high-risk hospitalized population of Canadian children. J Pediatr. 1992; 121:348–354. Panozzo CA, Fowlkes AL, Anderson LJ. Variation in timing of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks: lessons from national surveillance. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26(11suppl): S41–S45. Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, et al. Bronchiolitisassociated hospitalizations among US children, 1980–1996. JAMA. 1999;282:1440–1446. Simões EA. Environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. J Pediatr. 2003;143(5 suppl):S118–S126. Simões EA. Immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus: global experience. Respir Res. 2002;3(suppl 1):S26–S33. Simões EA. Maternal smoking, asthma, and bronchiolitis: clearcut association or equivocal evidence? Pediatrics. 2007a; 119:1210–1212. Simões EA, Carbonell-Estrany X, Fullarton JR, et al; European RSV Risk Factor Study Group. A predictive model for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization of premature infants born at 33-35 weeks of gestational age, based on data from the Spanish FLIP study. Resp Res. 2008 (in press). Simões EA, Groothuis JR, Carbonell-Estrany X, et al., Palivizumab Long-Term Respiratory Outcomes Study Group. Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing. J Pediatr. 2007b 151:34–42. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet. 1999;354:541–545. Stensballe L, Ravn H, Kristensen K, et al. Seasonal variation of maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and association with infant hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus. J Pediatr. 2008 (in press). Stensballe LG, Kristensen K, Simões EA, et al.; Danish RSV Data Network. Atopic disposition, wheezing and subsequent respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in Danish children younger than 18 months: a nested case-control study. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1360–1368. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA. 2003;289:179–186. Ventura SJ, Martin JA, Mathews TJ, Clarke SC. Advance report of final natality statistics, 1994. Monthly vital statistics report. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics. 1996;44:11(suppl). Welliver RC. Review of epidemiology and clinical risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. J Pediatr. 2003;143(5 suppl):S112–S117. Wenzel SE, Gibbs RL, Lehr MV, Simões EA. Respiratory outcomes in high-risk children 7 to 10 years after prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin. Am J Med. 2002;112:627–633. Yusuf S, Piedimone G, Auais A, et al. The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus. Epidemio Infect. 2007;135:1077–1090. Zachariah P. Personal communication. Sept. 29, 2008. Disclosures: Eric A. F. Simões, MD, DCH, has received grant and research support related to palivizumab from MedImmune and serves on MedImmune’s speaker’s bureau. He also has received grant and research support from Abbott and serves on Abbott’s speaker’s bureau. 6 MANAGED CARE / SUPPLEMENT

Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Managed Care - November 2008

Managed Care - November 2008 Editor’s Memo Contents News and Commentary Legislation & Regulation Letters Medication Management Compensation Monitor Do It Yourself for Less Biomarkers Promise, but Do They Deliver? Oncologists Complain About Drug Payment Consider Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring Q&A: Keep Industry in the Game Formulary Files Plan Watch Tomorrow’s Medicine Outlook Respiratory Syncytial Virus Managed Care Considerations Contents Continuing Education Objectives RSV Disease in the Pediatric Population In the Trenches RSV Infection in the Adult Population Health Plan Medical Director Health Plan Pharmacy Director RSV Issues and Solutions Assessment/Evaluation/Certificate Request Post-Test

Managed Care - November 2008

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