Pharmacy and Therapeutics - January 2008 - (Page 27) Impact of Bipolar Disorder on the Family Table 4 Health Care Costs by Family Member Families Containing a Member with BPD Total Health Care Cost Cost per Family No. Mean $4,664 $4,476 $5,791 $8,513 SD $5,238 $5,593 $6,586 BPD-Related Mean $592 $564 $671 SD $941 $1,099 $1,411 $2,406 Non–BPDRelated Mean $4,072 $3,912 $5,120 $6,962 SD $2,930 $5,229 $6,153 $6,904 Cost per Member 45,326 19,768 12,487 $2,909 $3,132 $3,400 $4,083 $4,138 $4,694 $553 $535 $573 $1,146 $1,083 $1,067 $2,356 $2,597 $2,827 $3,650 $3,737 $4,305 Employee Employee or Spouse (no children) Employee or Spouse (with children) Spouse Mother (with children) Child 123,832 84,049 $707 $1,700 $934 $2,018 Cost per Family No. Control Group Families Total Health Care Cost Mean SD All families containing 43,448 a member with BPD*† Just a parent with BPD† Just a child with BPD† Parent + child with BPD† Cost per Member All individuals with BPD* Employee with BPD Spouse with BPD‡ 30,873 9,020 927 All Families* 122,769 Families (no children) Families (with children) 55,370 67,399 $1,375 $3,497 $1,340 $2,787 $1,420 $3,985 $8,126 $1,551 Child with BPD‡ 10,273 $2,432 $3,397 $643 $1,405 $1,789 $2,735 125,455 $517 $2,660 Spouse of individual with BPD‡ Parent of individual with BPD‡ Mother of individual with BPD‡ Sibling of individual with BPD‡ Child of individual with BPD‡ 21,383 18,176 9,488 12,468 26,807 $1,412 $1,599 $1,824 $561 $500 $2,796 $3,201 $3,010 $1,323 $1,542 $27 $46 $52 $28 $36 $264 $289 $363 $308 $378 $1,385 $1,553 $1,772 $533 $464 $2,736 $3,144 $2,920 $1,213 $1,415 85,716 64,285 141,139 $651 $3,206 $602 $1,271 $178 $828 * Missing values contribute to the unclassified family types. † Costs for families with a bipolar member include those for the individual with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD). ‡ If a family had multiple members with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, one of these members was randomly chosen for the relationship analysis. • missing data. • differences among employers’ health insurance plans for which the study could not account. • the fact that study samples were restricted to bipolar families, as diagnosed according to ICD-9-CM codes. Potential selection biases also exist; it is possible that bipolar disorder might be underreported in claims data as a result of social stigma, practice differences between primary care physicians and specialists, and other factors. We should also consider a factor that might have limited the generalizability of the results. Table 5 Linear Regression Analysis for Natural Log of Total Health Care Costs Parameter Standard t P Estimate Error Value Value 0.006 0.002 0.001 0.006 677.47 <0.001 –54.78 <0.001 471.72 <0.001 62.38 <0.001 Variable Intercept 4.377 Family size –0.095 No. of major diagnosis categories 0.319 Family containing a member with bipolar disorder 0.383 r2 = 0.66. * Total health care costs include the costs of the individual with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Vol. 33 No. 1 • January 2008 • P&T® 27
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