IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 19

Month

Day

Days

Hours
Peak
Energy Use
Target (e.g., 80%)

Load

Load

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. The ILCs: (a) The forecast of the building electricity consumption for the next billing cycle and the target peak. (b) A typical day when
the peak of the building is managed to the target by managing curtailable loads.

Market-Based Transactive Controls
The second transactive energy use case illustrates an
agent-based approach, which leverages a highly optimized
control (both local and global) that is an inherent attribute
of the strategy rather than an explicitly programmed feature. The premise of transaction-based control is that
interactions among various components in a complex
energy system can be controlled by negotiating immediate
and contingent contracts on a regular basis in lieu of or in
addition to the conventional command and control. Each
device is given the ability to negotiate deals with its peers,
suppliers, and customers to maximize revenues while
minimizing costs.
A typical building might have several chillers that
supply a number of air handlers with chilled water on
demand. If several air handlers require the full output

180

Test Date: 11July 2016

160
Demand Saving

140

ILC Run

Electric Demand (kW)

200

120
100
80

On

60
40

.
p.
m

.
0

p.
m

5:
0

.
0

p.
m

4:
0

.
0

p.
m

3:
0

.
0

p.
m

2:
0

.
0

p.
m

1:
0

00

a.

m

.

Off

12
:

0
11
:0

An example of the results obtained when ILC is used to
manage the peak in a real building is shown in Figure 3.
The red line in the graph shows the forecasted consumption for the duration, and the blue line shows the actual
30-min moving average of the building. The established
target for the building for the billing cycle is 135 kW. Note
that, several times during the day, the peak consumption
reached 135 kW, and, each time, ILC curtailed a few buildings, loads (RTUs) to maintain the peak below the target.
The black line (right y-axis) shows when the ILC was
actively curtailing (on). Although not shown in the graph,
the temperature in all zones remained within the comfort
zone established by the building operator.

Time
Average 30-Min Demand
Forecasted Demand

Target Demand
ILC Curtailment (On/Off)

Figure 3. An example of ILC being used to manage building peak demand.

of one chiller and another air handler suddenly also
requires additional cooling, traditional building control
algorithms simply start up a second chiller to meet the
demand, and the building's electrical load increases
upward accordingly. A transaction-based building control system behaves differently. Instead of honoring an
absolute demand for more chilled water, the air
handler requests such service in the form of a bid
(expressed in dollars), increasing its bid in proportion
to its need (the divergence of the zone or supply-air
IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / d ec em be r 2 0 1 6

19



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016

IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 4
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 5
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 6
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 7
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 8
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 9
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 10
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 11
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 12
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 13
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 14
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 15
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 16
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 17
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 18
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 19
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 20
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 21
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 22
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 23
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 24
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 25
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 26
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 27
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 28
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 29
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 30
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 31
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 32
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 33
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 34
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 35
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 36
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 37
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 38
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 39
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 40
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 41
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 42
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 43
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 44
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 45
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 46
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 47
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 48
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 49
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 50
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 51
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - 52
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com