IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2015 - 65

voltage recovery at 80 s, the voltage falls despite the almost
constant reactive power load until the propulsion drive disconnection. This behavior is related to the frequency drop.
Indeed, the rotating exciter output (which is the input of the
main generator's excitation) depends on the rotating speed
of the generator, and, under a certain limit, the frequency fall
causes an exciter output drop that cannot be compensated
by the AVR output rise (i.e., saturation of the excitation).

For Further Reading
S. D. Sudhoff, "Currents of change," IEEE Power Energy Mag.,
vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 30, 37, July-Aug. 2011.
T. J. McCoy, "Trends in ship electric propulsion," in Proc.
2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 25 July
2002, vol. 1, pp. 343-346.
R. Hepburn, "Why a naval architect likes an electric
ship," in Proc. 2008 Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM'08), Ischia, Italy, June 11-13,
2008, pp. 591-593.
I. Jonasson and L. Soder, "Power quality on ships-A
questionnaire evaluation concerning island power system," in Proc. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,
2001, vol. 1, pp. 216-221.
A. da Rin and G. Sulligoi, "A cost-effective approach to
reactive power management in all electric cruise liners,"
in Proc. ImarEST All Electric Ship Int. Conf. AES 2007-The
Vision Redrawn, London, Sept. 2007, pp. 29-40.
G. Castles, G. Reed, A. Bendre, and R. Pitsch, "Economic
benefits of hybrid drive propulsion for naval ships," in
Proc. Electric Ship Technologies Symp., 2009 (ESTS'09), 20-22
Apr. 2009, pp. 515-520.
G. Sulligoi, S. Castellan, M. Aizza, D. Bosich, L. Piva, and
G. Lipardi, "Active front-end for shaft power generation
and voltage control in FREMM frigates integrated power
system: Modeling and validation," in Proc. 2012 Int. Symp.
Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion
(SPEEDAM), 20-22 June 2012, pp. 452-457,
V. Arcidiacono, R. Menis, and G. Sulligoi, "Improving
power quality in all electric ships using a voltage and VAR
integrated regulator," in Proc. IEEE Electric Ship Technologies
Symp., 2007 (ESTS'07), 21-23 May 2007, pp. 322-327.
D. Bosich, M. Filippo, D. Giulivo, G. Sulligoi, and A. Tessarolo, "Thruster motor start-up transient in an all-electric
cruise-liner: Numerical simulation and experimental
assessment," in Proc. Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway
and Ship Propulsion, 2012 (ESARS'12), 16-18 Oct. 2012, pp. 1-5.
M. Islam, W. Hinton, M. McClelland, and K. Logan,
"Shipboard IPS technological challenges-VFD and
grounding," in Proc. Electric Ship Technologies Symp. 2013
(ESTS'13), 22-24 Apr. 2013, pp. 192-198.
G. Sulligoi, D. Bosich, T. Mazzuca, and L. Piva, "The
FREMM simulator: A new software tool to study electromechanic dynamics of the shipboard integrated power
system," in Proc. Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and
Ship Propulsion, 2012 (ESARS'12), 16-18 Oct. 2012, pp. 1-6.

biographies
Andrea Vicenzutti is a Ph.D. student at the University of
Padua, Italy. He earned his M.Sc. (with honors) in electrical
engineering at the University of Trieste, Italy, in 2012. His
research activities include marine power system integration and dependability of complex power systems. His
work is carried out at the Department of Engineering and
Architecture of the University of Trieste. He is a student
member of the IEEE Power & Energy Society.
Daniele Bosich earned his M.S. degree (with honors) in
electrical engineering in 2010 from the University of Trieste,
Italy, and his Ph.D. degree in energy engineering in 2014 from
the University of Padua, Italy. His research interests include
marine shipboard power systems and voltage control. He is a
member of the IEEE Power & Energy Society and the IEEE
Industry Applications Society. He is a Member of the IEEE.
Giovanni Giadrossi earned his M.S. degree in electronic
engineering from the University of Trieste, Italy. He was a
research fellow at the Italian National Research Council
(CNR) and an assistant professor at the University of Trieste.
In 1979, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Trieste, as a full professor of electrical
machines. He is active in the field of control systems applications of electrical machines and power systems. He is
currently retired from teaching but is still cooperating with
his former university group as research director for programs in the field of voltage control and medium-voltage
dc power systems.
Giorgio Sulligoi earned his M.S. degree (with honors) in
electrical engineering from the University of Trieste,
Italy, in 2001 and his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Padua, Italy, in 2005. He spent
an internship at Fincantieri Electric Systems Office, Trieste, and a semester as a visiting scholar at the University College of Cork, Ireland. In 2005, he joined MAI Control
Systems, Milan, Italy, an Italian firm operating in the
field of power stations and alternator voltage control systems. He joined the University of Trieste in 2007 as an
assistant professor of electric power generation and control, where he was tenured in 2010 and appointed assistant professor of shipboard electrical power systems in
2012. He is the founder and director of the grid-connected and marine Electric Power Generation and Control
laboratory at the Department of Engineering and Architecture. In 2013, he received the national qualification for
the level of associate professor in electrical energy engineering. He has authored more than 70 scientific papers
in the fields of shipboard power systems, all-electric
ships, generator modeling, and voltage control. He is a
Senior Member of the IEEE and a member of the Industry
Applications Society, the Power Electronics Society, and
the Power & Energy Society, where he serves in different
technical and standard committees.

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