IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2016 - 64

io,D (A)

10
8

100 ms

is,E (A)

6
2
1

io,E (A)

0
2
1

io,K (A)

0
6
4
2

Figure 7. The response to the dc switch at E turning off.

With that in mind, we introduce a coupled-inductorbased dc breaker. The proposed dc-breaker design uses
an SCR to instantly interrupt the fault current. A bidirectional version of the breaker is also provided so multiple
dc breakers can be installed in a notional dc microgrid.
The breaker also features a control switch within the
design so the breaker can be manually opened without
creating a large disturbance in the system. Previously, a
central control was proposed to supervise operations of
multiple breakers in a microgrid. In this article, two
other control strategies are discussed: one involving
independent, local control of breakers, and the other
involving controlling breakers in pairs. A simulation is
carried out with all three control methods and a summary of result is presented. The merits of all three strategies are discussed. It can be concluded that, within
certain limitations, the paired control method can provide the desired results with a much simpler communication architecture.

For Further Reading
spike from the fault current, but the input current falls
instantly to zero. The third plot is the output current for
breaker E. The output current does not show any sign of
the fault current, so the control sends gate signals to the
SCRs to switch the breaker back on. After 0.4 s, the breaker turns back on and the output current is now negative,
demonstrating that the direction of current through
breaker E has changed. The fourth plot shows the current
through breaker K in three distinct regions. After the
fault, the current through breaker K drops because the
inverter load is removed from the system. The current
decreases further after 0.4 s, when lines 4 and 7 are integrated back into the system.
The final case is the operation of breaker E as a dc
switch to isolate line 7. Input and output currents through
breaker E are shown in Figure 7, as well as the output current through breakers D and K.
The results from Figure 7 show the merit of using a
breaker as dc switch. The second and third plots show
the input and output currents through breaker E. Both
these currents fall instantly to zero without showing
any signs of fault current. Once line 7 is isolated, lines 4
and 11 smoothly change their currents to accommodate
their new loads, as shown by the first and fourth plots
in Figure 7.

Conclusions
The large-scale implementation of dc microgrids
depends on developing reliable dc protection options.

64

I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / j un e 2016

W. Setthapun, S. Srikaew, J. Rakwichian, N. Tantranont, W. Rakwichian, and R. Singh, "The integration and transition to a dc
based community: A case study of the smart community in
Chiang Mai world green city," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. DC
Microgrids, Atlanta, GA, 2015, pp. 205-209.
D. Ricchiuto, R. A. Mastromauro, M. Liserre, I. Trintis, and S.
Munk-Nielsen, "Overview of multi-dc-bus solutions for dc
microgrids," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Power Electronics Distrib.
Generation Syst., Rogers, AR, 2013, pp. 1-8.
A. Shukla and G. D. Demetriades, "A survey on hybrid circuitbreaker topologies" IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 2,
pp. 627-641, Apr. 2015.
R. Schmerda, R. Cuzner, R. Clark, D. Nowak, and S. Bunzel,
"Shipboard solid-state protection: overview and applications,"
IEEE Electrification Mag., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32-39, Sept. 2013.

Biographies
Atif Maqsood (amaqsoo@g.clemson.edu) is currently
pursuing his Ph.D. degree at Clemson University, South
Carolina. His research interests include power electronics, motor drives, power system protection, and electric
system modeling.
Keith Corzine (Keith@Corzine.net) is a professor at
Clemson University, South Carolina. He has 20 years of
experience working with power electronics, motor
drives, naval ship propulsion systems, and electric
machinery. He has published more than 50 refereed
journal papers, more than 80 refereed international conference papers, and holds three U.S. patents related to
power conversion.



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