IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2017 - 30
Table 1. large and typical microgrids in China.
Network
Voltage
Microgrid
Type
Application
Scenario
PV 2.06-MW peak; lithium iron phosphate
battery 1 MWh; lead-acid battery 6 MWh
35 kV
Isolated
Town
Nanjing City,
Jiangsu Province
PV 6.08-MW peak; lithium titanate battery
500 MWh
10 kV
On-grid
Commercial
park
3
Beijing City
Gas generator 500 kW; PV 3.5-MW peak;
lead-acid battery 2 MWh
10 kV
On-grid
Conference
center
4
Qilian County,
Qinghai Province
PV 3.087-MW peak; lithium iron
phosphate battery 1.2 MWh; lead-acid
battery 4 MWh
10 kV
Isolated
Town
5
Yuanxian Island,
Hainan Province
Diesel generator 2 MW; PV 500 kW peak;
lead-acid battery 1 MWh
10 kV
Isolated
Island
6
Luxi Island,
Zhejiang Province
Wind power 1.5 MW; PV 300-kW peak;
lead-acid battery 2 MWh; super
capacitor 500 kW
10 kV
On-grid
Island
7
Yangzhou City,
Jiangsu Province
PV 1.08-MW peak; lead-acid battery 1 MWh
10 kV
On-grid
Industrial
plants
8
Yushu County,
Qinghai Province
PV 3.35-MW peak; lead-acid battery
44.3 MWh
380 V/
220 V
Isolated
Resident/
school/temple/country
9
Beijing City
PV 309.3-kW peak; lithium iron phosphate
battery 500 kWh
380 V
On-grid
Building
10
Shanghai City
PV 20-kW peak; lithium iron phosphate
battery 100 kWh; lead-acid battery
50 kWh; sodium nickel battery 100 kWh
380 V
On-grid
Building
11
Shanghai City
PV 19.6-kW peak; lead-acid battery
40 kWh
380 V
On-grid
Substation
12
Wuhan City, Hubei
Province
PV 35-kW peak; wind power 12 kW;
lithium iron phosphate battery 200 kWh
380 V
On-grid
Industrial
park
13
Shijiazhuang City,
Hebei Province
PV 250-kW peak; lithium iron phosphate
battery 500 kWh
380 V
On-grid
Building
14
Shenyang City, Liaoning Province
PV 20-kW peak; wind power 15 kW;
lithium iron phosphate battery 60 kWh;
super capacitor 30 kW
380 V
On-grid
Laboratory
15
Chengde County,
Qinghai Province
PV 52-kW peak; wind power 60 kW;
lithium iron phosphate battery 200 kWh
380 V
On-grid
County
16
Chengde County,
Qinghai Province
PV 1-kW peak; wind power 5 kW;
lead-acid battery 2 kWh
220 V
On-grid
Resident
17
Chengde County,
Qinghai Province
PV 2-kW peak; wind power 1 kW;
lead-acid battery 2 kWh
220 V
On-grid
Resident
No.
Location
Components
1
Gonghe County,
Qinghai Province
2
Comparison of energy Storage Types
Because of the random and fluctuating quality of renewable energy, energy storage will play a critical role in maintaining energy balance and the quality of the power
supplied by the isolated microgrid. Today, the widely used
energy storage equipment is mainly a chemical energy
storage battery, including lead-acid, lithium iron phosphate,
flow, and lead carbon batteries (Table 2). For different project requirements and construction costs, the type and
30
I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / j un e 2017
performance requirements of energy storage used in the
microgrid vary. Figure 2 compares various mature energy
storage technologies in terms of price, reliability, environmental protection, safety, transportation and maintenance,
charge/discharge capacity, cycles, and response time. In
summary, the lead carbon battery is recommended for the
engineering application of a large-scale isolated microgrid.
It shows prominent characteristics in reliability, response
time, economy, and maintenance.
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