IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 27
capturing dynamic relations
among smart city people, policies,
Energy
Energy
Energy Hub
Import
Export
and deliverables. the potential
return, i.e., near-term operation
DER
Electric Power Infrastructure
cost savings and lasting urban susElectricity Load
Electric Heating
tainability, will more than justify
the effort.
an energy hub is a good example of using ots to solve the shared
Natural Gas Infrastructure
challenges of multiple urban energy infrastructures designed with a
Combustion Cogeneration Furnace
common goal of enabling a smart
city. an energy hub is a localized
energy system in which multiple
types of energy services are providDistrict Heating Infrastructure
ed through a single modularized
implementation, resulting in conHeat Load Thermoelectric Generator
siderable savings of urban space
and operation costs. Figure 18 exemplifies an energy hub that inteElectricity
Heat
Natural Gas
grates three energy carriers (e.g.,
heat, electricity, and gas) in the local area. the optimal planning and Figure 18. An energy hub configuration.
operation of energy hubs take full
advantage of synergies among corData-Centric Approach to Harmonize
responding forms of energy, which, in turn, provide imthe Utilization of Innovative ICTs
mense opportunities for refining energy services for
Data flow is the lifeblood of smart city operations, so the
local citizens. accordingly, generation, conversion, distridevelopment of smart cities is based on high-speed, highbution, storage, and consumption processes of the associreliability, and high-availability data flows that can be utiated energy carriers are coordinated strategically within
lized for optimal decision making in smart city operations.
an energy hub. since electricity plays a critical role in conto thrive in the transition to a smart city, a city therefore
verting various energy forms, microgrids provide a promneeds to utilize the state-of-the-art iCts such as iot techising platform for implementing energy hubs. in that
nologies to facilitate data flow management throughout
regard, microgrid master controllers assume the burcity operations.
den of integrating, coordinating, and optimizing the
the iot augments smart city infrastructures with inteloperation of the associated local energy carriers and
ligence, interconnection, and instrumentation after
take the responsibility of improving the overall effienabling the data sharing and exchange among a diversity
ciency, sustainability, reliability, and resilience of local
of sensors and actuators across buildings, roads, networks,
energy services.
and utilities. pervasive sensors, as the backbone of the iot,
Hierarchical Control and Management
automatically monitor and detect changes in city operaof Smart City Infrastructures
tions in real time, when low-cost communications (e.g.,
smart city infrastructures take advantage of both iCts
Zigbee and bluetooth) as the driving force of the iot can
and ots for achieving a higher degree of excellence in
simplify data flows and reduce the cost of gathering and
city operations. therefore, a comprehensive control and
sharing data by enabling convenient and affordable data
management framework should be developed in smart
flows. it is also of practical importance to select proper iot
cities for harmonizing iCts and ots initiatives. this sectechnologies for different physical infrastructure in a costtion presents a data-centric scalable framework for coneffective manner, by considering their unique technical
trolling and managing the optimal interdependent
and social features (e.g., electricity usage metering, water
operation of a collection of smart city infrastructures in
leakage monitoring, and intersection traffic regulation).
a dynamic urban environment. the proposed framehowever, iot technologies produce massive amounts of
work enables heterogeneous resources and functions
raw data across smart city infrastructures, which provide
across smart city infrastructures to be interlinked
city authorities with major difficulties when making rapid
seamlessly as smart city operations are controlled and
and shrewd decisions for optimizing city operations. Conmanaged holistically for satisfying various quality-ofsidering an unprecedented volume and variety of data inservice requirements.
volved in smart city operations, big data analytics can play
IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / j u n e 201 8
27
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018
Contents
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