IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 83

while investing heavily in improving the bus and parking
systems. the new digital bus stops turn waiting for buses
into an interactive experience, with updates on bus location, universal-serial-bus charging stations, free Wi-fi,
and tools to help riders download apps and assist them
in learning more about the city. the city has implemented
a sensor system that guides the drivers to available parking spaces. the sensors, embedded in the asphalt, can
detect whether a vehicle is parked at a given location. By
directing drivers to open spaces, the program has reduced
congestion and emissions. the application that drivers
use to locate parking spaces also allows them to pay for
parking online efficiently.

Concluding Remarks
With the rapid progress in grid modernization, smart city
technologies have been significantly advanced with
developments in both cyber and physical layers. in the
cyberlayer, the information flow in smart cities features a
multidomain characteristic, which requires effective data
fusion among multistream data flow. meanwhile, in the
physical layer, a reconfigurable arrangement is established with enhanced operation flexibility considering
multiple types of energy resources. as a seamlessly integrated and interactive system, both cyber and physical
layers operate in a coupled way as a holistic framework
with enhanced cyber and physical security. Pilot sites in
different countries highlight the significance and field
practices of smart cities.

acknowledgment
the authors appreciate the funding support from the u.s.
department of Energy's office of Electricity delivery and
Energy reliability.

For Further Reading
K. Zhang, J. ni, K. Yang, X. Liang, J. ren, and X. s. shen, "security and privacy in smart city applications: challenges and
solutions," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 122-129, 2017.
L. m. ang, K. P. seng, a. m. Zungeru, and G. K. ijemaru, "Big
sensor data systems for smart cities," IEEE Internet Things J.,
vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1259-1271, 2017.
X. cheng, L. fang, L. Yang, and s. cui, "mobile big data: the
fuel for data-driven wireless," IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 4, no.
5, pp. 1489-1516, 2017.
nErc. (2016, dec.). distributed energy resources: connection modeling and reliability considerations. north amer.
Electric reliability corp. atlanta, Ga. [online]. available:
https://www.nerc.com/comm/other/essntlrlbltysrvcstskfrcdL/
dErtf%20draft%20report%20-%20connection%20modeling%20and%20reliability%20considerations.pdf
a. m. Kosek and K. Heussen, "saLVaGE report d2.1
description of existing and extended smart grid component
models for use in the intrusion detection system," tech. univ.
denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2015.
Y. Wang, c. chen, J. Wang, and r. Baldick, "research on
resilience of power systems under natural disasters-a
review," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1604-1613,
2016.

c. chen, J. Wang, and d. ton, "modernizing distribution
system restoration to achieve grid resiliency against extreme
weather events: an integrated solution," Proc. IEEE, vol. 105,
no. 7, pp. 1267-1288, 2017.
u. s. department of Energy. (2017). Hurricanes nate, maria,
irma, and Harvey situation reports. u. s. dept. Energy. Washington, d.c. [online]. available: Https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/
hurricanes-nate-maria-irma-and-harvey-situation-reports
J. Horowitz. (2017). Hurricanes irma and Harvey have
racked up billions in damages. CNN. [online]. available: http://
money.cnn.com/2017/09/15/news/economy/irma-harveydamage-who-pays/index.html
Electric Power research institute. (2013, Jan.). Enhancing
distribution resiliency: opportunities for applying innovative technologies. EPri. [online]. available: http://www
.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/Productabstract.aspx?Product
id=000000000001026889
c. chen, J. Wang, f. Qiu, and d. Zhao, "resilient distribution system by microgrids formation after natural disasters,"
IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 958-966, 2016.
Y. J. Kim, J. Wang, and X. Lu, "a framework for load service
restoration using dynamic change in boundaries of advanced
microgrids with synchronous-machine dGs," IEEE Trans.
Smart Grid, to be published.
Y. Liu, P. ning, and m. K. reiter, "false data injection
attacks against state estimation in electric power grids," ACM
Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 21-32, 2011.
o. Kosut, L. Jia, r. J. thomas, and L. tong, "malicious data
attacks on the smart grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 4,
pp. 645-658, 2011.
d. Jin, Z. Li, c. Hannon, c. chen, J. Wang, m. shahidehpour,
and c. W. Lee, "toward a cyber resilient and secure microgrid
using software-defined networking," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid,
vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2494-2504, 2017.
u. s. department of Energy. (2016). recovery act: smart
grid investment grant (sGiG) program. u. s. dept. Energy.
Washington, d.c. [online]. available: http://energy.gov/oe/
information-center/recovery-act-smart-grid-investmentgrant-sgig-program
u. s. department of transportation. (2015). smart city
challenge. u. s. dept. transportation. Washington, d.c.
[online]. available: https://www.transportation.gov/smartcity
m. norris, r. cliff, r. sharp, s. Koci, and H. Gardner,
"smart grid, smart city: shaping australia's energy future,"
ausgrid, sydney, australia, 2014.
L. adler. (2016, feb. 18). How smart city Barcelona brought
the internet of things to life. data-smart city solutions.
[online]. available: http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/
article/how-smart-city-barcelona-brought-the-internet-ofthings-to-life-789

biographies
Xiaonan Lu (xiaonan.lu@anl.gov) is with the Energy
systems division, argonne national Laboratory, Lemont,
illinois.
Bo Chen (bo.chen@anl.gov) is with the Energy systems
division, argonne national Laboratory, Lemont, illinois.
Chen Chen (morningchen@anl.gov) is with the Energy
systems division, argonne national Laboratory, Lemont,
illinois.
Jianhui Wang (jianhui.wang@anl.gov) is with the Energy
systems division, argonne national Laboratory, Lemont,
illinois.

	

IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / J U N E 201 8

83

https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/hurricanes-nate-maria-irma-and-harvey-situation-reports https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/hurricanes-nate-maria-irma-and-harvey-situation-reports http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/15/news/economy/irma-harvey-damage-who-pays/index.html http://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/Productabstract.aspx?ProductId=000000000001026889 http://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/Productabstract.aspx?ProductId=000000000001026889 http://www.energy.gov/oe/information-center/recovery-act-smart-grid-investment-grant-sgig-program http://www.energy.gov/oe/information-center/recovery-act-smart-grid-investment-grant-sgig-program https://www.transportation.gov/smartcity http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/how-smart-city-barcelona-brought-the-internet-of-things-to-life-789 http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/how-smart-city-barcelona-brought-the-internet-of-things-to-life-789 https://www.nerc.com/comm/other/essntlrlbltysrvcstskfrcdL/DERTF%20Draft%20Report%20-%20Connection%20Modeling%20and%20Reliability%20Considerations.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018