IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2016 - 55
Wheels
Engine-Driven
Generator
Power
Converter
Inverter
Motor
Battery
Fuel
Motor
Inverter
Tilt-Rotor
Power
Converter
Generator
Engine
Inverter
Motor
Tilt-Rotor
Figure 15. Tilt-rotor-based flying car propulsion.
Battery
Wheels
Fuel
Engine
Electrical
Machine
Power
Electronics
Inverter
Inverter
Motor
Inverter
Motor
Motor
Tilt-Rotor
Tilt-Rotor
Figure 16. An all-electric motor-drive-based flying car propulsion system.
that one motor can power both the tilt-rotors in case of a
failure of any one of those motors.
The aforementioned architectures are purely concepts,
and each has its own advantages and limitations depending
on the vehicle size, type, packaging constraints, and performance requirements. The best strategy is to use the same
components/subsystems for ground propulsion, flight, and
lift. This will reduce the deadweight due to the functionality
not being used in one operation but required for the other
operation. For a pure electric flying car, the battery is very
important and a critical system. Presently available lithium
ion batteries have an energy density of about 180 Wh/kg. For
a 2-h flight (without considering the energy for lift), with
150 kW of continuous power, the total energy requirement is
300 kWh. For a 180-Wh/kg lithium battery pack, the total battery weight would be 1,667 kg just for a 2-h direct flight. This
weight significantly affects the performance of the vehicle,
and it may not be possible to package the whole battery.
VTOL operation is also a challenge. If the future lithium
air battery of 1,000 Wh/kg (assumed value) is used, the
battery weight will be 300 kg. Even this weight is not a viable practical system for flying cars. The 300-kg battery
could be a possibility for flying trucks like the DARPA
transformer vehicle, but the energy required for the flight
for this type of vehicle is more than 300 kWh. Hence, pure
electric flying vehicles may not be a practical solution,
IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / March 2 0 1 6
55
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2016
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