IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - 11

NV GL IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST MARItime class society providing classification
and technical assurance along with software and advisory services to the maritime
industry. Devoted to safeguarding life, property, and the environment, DNV GL continues to support
the safe introduction of large maritime battery systems
with battery rules, type approval services, industry guidelines, and advisory services.

D

The Drive Toward Greener and Cleaner Shipping
The maritime industry moves more than 80% of global trade by volume, making it an essential part of the
world economy. Although shipping is the most energy-efficient mode of mass cargo transport, with only
a modest contribution to overall greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions [in 2012, international shipping was estimated to have contributed about 2.2% to the global
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), according to www
.imo.org.], the industry still accounts for a significant
share of global emissions of CO 2 , nitrogen oxides
(NOX), and sulfur oxides (SOx), giving it a substantial
environmental footprint. Effective emissions control
and a global approach to further improve ships' energy efficiency is needed, as sea transport will continue
growing apace with world trade. Today, air pollution
emissions from ships are continuously growing,
while land-based emissions are gradually declining.
Without effective measures within the next decade,
shipping will become the biggest source of air pollution in Europe.

Emission
BC and
PM Precursors

Strict international and local regulations that require
emissions reductions will force the maritime industry
toward cleaner and greener solutions. The International
Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted regulations to
address the emission of air pollutants from ships and
implemented mandatory energy-efficiency measures to
reduce vessels' GHG emissions. The IMO regulations are
expected to become progressively tougher over time,
and, by 2025, all new ships are anticipated to be 30%
more energy efficient than those built in 2014.
Ships also contribute to local problems of poor air
quality, constituting a significant threat to global health
(Figure  1). Through chemical reactions in the air, NOX
and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are converted into fine particles of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. In addition to the
particles directly emitted by ships, such as black carbon
(BC), these secondary particles increase the health
impacts of shipping pollution. Tiny airborne particles
can be absorbed through the respiratory pathways and
have serious health effects. According to the European
Federation for Transport and Environment, air pollution
from international shipping accounts for approximately 50,000 premature deaths per year in Europe, at an
annual cost to society of more than €58 billion (Transport & Environment 2017).
There is no doubt that meeting the environmental
challenges of the future will also require the maritime
industry to think innovatively and explore new solutions
of alternative energy sources, alternative fuels, and new
environmentally friendly technologies that can offer costeffective emissions reduction options.

PM

Transmission

BC

PM
Immission
(Dry)

BC
Immission
(Dry)

PM
Immission
(Wet)

BC
Immission
(Wet)

Figure 1. Air pollution from shipping contributes to poor local air quality. BC: black carbon; PM: particulate matter. (Image courtesy of DNV GL.)
IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / S EP T EM BE R 2 0 1 7

11


http://www.imo.org

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017

IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - 1
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IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com