IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 100
of permanent repairs. While on its
short trip to Hunter's Point, a steam
pipe failed, and the resulting explosion
caused the crew to temporarily abandon
ship. The SS Columbia later completed
the trip, and final repairs were completed. By now, the vessel was considered
to be aging and outdated, but it returned
to service in January 1907.
The Sinking of
SS Columbia
figure 5. The damaged SS Columbia after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
(from Wikipedia, photo in the public domain).
100
ieee power & energy magazine
The Columbia left San Francisco on
20 July 1907 bound for Portland with
a total of 251 passengers and crew.
During the evening, a thick fog rolled
in when the ship was about 12 mi
(19.3 km) off Shelter Cove, California, about 200 mi (321.8 km) north of
San Francisco. Despite the fact that
the whistle of the steam schooner San
Pedro, carrying a cargo of redwood
lumber, could be heard nearby, neither
the captain of the Columbia nor the first
officer of the San Pedro reduced speed
in the dense fog. Shortly thereafter, the
San Pedro was seen on a course heading directly for the Columbia. While the
Columbia was immediately put into full
reverse, a collision was inevitable, and
the San Pedro hit the starboard side of
the Columbia at 12:22 a.m. on 21 July
1907. The impact damaged the bow of
the San Pedro and seriously breached
the iron hull of the Columbia. The ship
listed to starboard and began to sink, and
its final plunge to the bottom occurred
in under 9 min after the impact. The
San Pablo was seriously damaged but
remained afloat due to the buoyancy of
its redwood lumber cargo. While several ships responded quickly, including
the damaged San Pedro, a total of 88 of
the SS Columbia's passengers and crew
lost their lives. This number included
all of the children on board. The San
Pedro was towed to shore, repaired, and
returned to coastal California service
until it was sold in 1920.
There were a number of theories as
to why the Columbia sank so rapidly.
The consensus was reported by the San
Francisco Examiner newspaper: "The
Columbia, an iron hull vessel, bore
the brunt of the impact, and her iron
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