IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 27

competitive market. Well-designed markets create the signals
that encourage market actors to contribute to system security
and reduce the need for TSOs to act. Hence, the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.

transmission grid (the demand-connection code). They
also cover connections using dc technology, which is
becoming a more integral part of the power system.
✔✔ The network codes related to system operation focus
on ensuring the coordinated processes that let grid
companies work together to ensure security of supply.
They cover the way system availability is planned and
scheduled, the way the analysis of system conditions
is carried out, and the way the system operator ensures
that the system can be kept balanced at all times.
✔✔ The market-related network codes transform the vision
of having a market in which power can be traded anywhere in Europe, in much the same way as most goods
and services, into a reality. The market-related network
codes cover all the time scales in which power is traded-
starting from forward markets that take place a year or
more before the energy is actually delivered and moving
through the day-ahead market, where power for the next
day is traded, and the intraday markets, which operate
closer to the time when energy will be delivered. Finally,
they cover the balancing markets, in which the TSO is the
sole buyer and acts to ensure that demand and supply can
be balanced. In all cases, they seek to move from national
or regional markets to a single European market.
For these three areas, the nine codes are closely related
and reinforce each other. Clear connection rules are needed
for the system to be planned and operated efficiently and
securely. A secure operational system is the foundation of a

Pan-European System Planning
European network planning is another area of cooperation
for TSOs under the umbrella of ENTSO-E. Different time
horizons are used. For 2030, the TYNDP includes four possible scenarios ("visions") that differ greatly in the areas of
renewables, energy efficiency, and demand-side measures.
New methods for planning and operating the system are investigated (for more details, see the article by Winter et al. in this
issue). For the even longer-term system architecture looking
toward 2050, the e-Highway2050 project aims to develop a
vision on a modular development of pan-European electricity
"highways" (see the article by Sanchis et al. in this issue).
The TYNDP concentrates on hardware issues such as
pan-European optimized network planning utilizing existing
and anticipated technologies. It represents the most up-todate and technically complete study of tomorrow's power
system. Its role is to ensure greater transparency regarding
the entire electricity transmission network in Europe. In this
sense, the plan underlines the bottlenecks within the European transmission system and presents the associated panEuropean projects meant to solve them.
In July 2014, ENTSO-E published a draft of TYNDP
2014, the final version of which was published by December

Vision 4: Green Revolution
- 2050 Energy Goals +

Vision 3: Green Transition
Total Cross-Border
605 TWh
Exchange
Demand
Including Pumping 4,167 TWh
49%
RES Penetration
CO2 Reduction (1990)
62%

Total Cross-Border
734 TWh
Exchange
Demand
Including Pumping 4,327 TWh
60%
RES Penetration
CO2 Reduction (1990)
78%

- European Integration +
Total Cross-Border
660 TWh
Exchange
Demand
Including Pumping 3,610 TWh
41%
RES Penetration
CO2 Reduction (1990)
42%

Total Cross-Border
757 TWh
Exchange
Demand
Including Pumping 3,712 TWh
40%
RES Penetration
CO2 Reduction (1990)
36%
Vision 1: Slow Progress

Vision 2: Money Rules

RES

Lignite

CCS + Biofuel
Nuclear
Gas

Coal
Oil
Other Non-RES (Including Hydro)

figure 5. Four visions of the way forward, from the current TYNDP.
january/february 2015

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015