IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 32
✔✔ From "supply follows load" to "everything interacts
✔✔ The simultaneous integration of the small residential
with everything": in practical terms, a wider balancing
scope with new and multiple means will allow more flexibility to react to the changing electricity generation mix.
✔✔ Increased real-time balancing: Balancing energy
and reserves will be needed from different flexible
means such as classical generators, renewable energy
sources (res), distributed energy resources (Der),
active demand, storage, and so on. appropriate measurement, control, and supervision will therefore be
needed, as well as an efficient market design for trading various system services efficiently.
✔✔ Introduction of aggregators: aggregators, representing
small- and possibly medium-size consumers and producers, will lean on more active distribution networks to
better integrate local supply and load. They will not only
buy and sell energy on behalf of the small participants but
will market their ability to provide system services for
Dsos or Tsos, thus allowing for improved management
of their systems.
res (PV units) and large wind and PV farms that will
replace fossil-fueled and aging power plants will require
greater flexibility, alternative rules, and solutions (such
as storage and active customer participation) to enable
system balancing, control, and planning.
✔✔ concurrently, there will be growing reluctance to
implement new network infrastructures where transmission development takes more time than the integration of new generation units into the system.
✔✔ low public acceptance of traditional overhead lines
will force Tsos to use more expensive options such
as underground cables or high-voltage direct current
(hVdc) links, which will make the pan-european system increasingly complex to design and to operate.
✔✔ large disturbances in a small number of large, central
units combined with random disturbances in a large
number of smaller, dispersed units will necessitate
changes in network operation rules, since the drop of
thousands of Der units may lead to system problems
such as blackouts that will look a lot like the loss of
large nuclear power plants.
✔✔ Transmission systems will be more and more linked with
distribution systems, whereas at present real-time communications between Tsos and Dsos are still scarce,
and distribution network system states and conditions
(i.e., load, capacity, and voltage) are often not monitored.
The roles and boundaries of the Tsos and Dsos will
need to be clarified.
Enabling Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Electricity Perspectives by 2050
The Energy Roadmap 2050 adopted by the european union
(eu) council in June 2012 declared that decarbonization of the
european energy system will be technically and economically
feasible by 2050. Network operators are even more focused on
making such a smooth integration a technical and economic
success since a low-carbon economy european is expected to
have electricity as the major energy carrier. The electricity grid
must therefore be developed so as to ensure that significant
added complexity in transported and distributed energy does
not compromise system robustness and security of supply.
The network operators need to begin accelerating the rate
of r&D investments as soon as possible to properly address
most of the daunting challenges they will be facing by and
beyond 2020, which include the following:
✔✔ The massive development of renewable generation
at the transmission level, e.g., onshore and offshore
wind, photovoltaic (PV) farms, and hydro, will require
network expansion to enable electric power reliability
and secure the power supply.
Asset Management
Power Technologies
Network Operation
Market Designs
An R&I Road Map
for TSOs and DSOs
european Tsos and Dsos, represented by eNTso-e and
eDso-sG, respectively, have together built an r&i road map
for the period 2013-2022 under the framework of the european electricity Grid initiative (eeGi). The road map details
the r&i activities required to deliver new knowledge that is in
line with current european energy policy (see figure 1). The
road map is organized into clusters that correspond with the main
activities of network operators.
DSO Clusters
Joint R&I Activities
TSO Clusters
Grid Architecure
Coping Measures: New Road Maps,
Network Operator Efforts,
and Technology Platforms
Network Planning and Asset Management
Planning
Integration of Smart Customers
one of the main missions assigned
to european Tsos is to plan and
develop a secure, efficient, and affordable pan-european electricity
transmission system while guaranteeing that security standards are
met and, when appropriate, testing
and deploying system innovations
Integration of DER and New Uses
Network Operations
Market Design
figure 1. The R&I activities included in the EEGI road map for 2013-2022.
32
ieee power & energy magazine
january/february 2015
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