IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 34
The use of public support to fund part
of the R&D investments of network operators brings about
another challenge.
the load, which affects local power flows. an ever-increasing
penetration level of Der will give rise to situations in which
the total amount of generated electric power exceeds the total
connected load at a given line, creating reverse power flows
in transformers. This is already a reality in certain european
countries, such as italy, where as of December 2012, 11.4 GW
of PV capacity had been connected to the distribution network.
The distribution grid is thus experiencing new conditions: for
example, energy is sometimes exported unintentionally at
higher-than-desired voltage levels due to high Der production
combined with low load. The effect of Der on voltage control,
where the rise in voltage on feeders depends on the amount of
connected Der, is worth mentioning. such issues will require
novel solutions.
Market Enablers
a progressive harmonization of electricity market rules has
increased market efficiency, aiding the delivery of increased
benefits to electricity customers and providing more business opportunities to generators and energy traders. Tsos
must ensure that the objectives of the Third energy market
package are reached, thus facilitating the development of a
well-functioning european electricity market; this process
will require collaboration with Dsos. Dsos may contribute
to market design and network-related market rules from a
joint Tso-Dso perspective in discussions with policy makers and regulators and indeed with all the electricity market
stakeholders, from generators to end consumers.
Dsos can accommodate for flexibility services offered by
market parties to the Tso through its grid; they can also use
flexibility services to optimize their own connection costs to
the transmission grid. last but not least, both Tsos and Dsos
will be involved in demand response mechanisms, which are
no longer devoted only to promoting load-shifting and peakshaving applications. such mechanisms can also contribute to
the balancing of the system and the portfolios and the delivery of ancillary services to the local grid operator. Demand
response mechanisms will become a way of integrating future
"smart consumers" into both energy markets (using several
possible time frames) and balancing markets.
Integration of "Smart Customers"
The customer's role is also changing. We are seeing the
emergence of prosumers-consumers who produce power
for self-consumption and, eventually, for sale into the grid-
and regulation is being adapted to let them take on a new,
relevant, and active role in the operation of electricity grids.
34
ieee power & energy magazine
Various technical solutions for how to interact with residential and industrial consumers have been studied, but the
modification of consumer behavior and the real impact (both
economic and in terms of load) of these changes in grid
operation have not yet been thoroughly evaluated.
apart from the consumer's active participation in reducing the environmental impact of energy use in the world,
there are two additional ways in which the consumer will
play a key role. These are 1) efficiency and 2) reduction in
consumption. These aspects should be addressed not only
from a technical perspective but also-and perhaps more
essentially-from a social point of view. We must find ways
to educate people about the importance of changing their
consumption patterns and becoming "smart customers."
finally, the electrification of urban transport, public and
private, requires an effort from all stakeholders so as to realize
this transformation, which is of such important environmental relevance. Technical progress is needed, especially with
respect to batteries. Prices should be reduced, new infrastructures are needed to recharge eVs and to prioritize the circulation of low-emission and collective transport in cities. in the
end, when all the elements are finally in place the customer
will decide to move in the direction of emission reduction.
The Strategic Research Agenda
Through 2035
The european Technology Platform for electricity Networks of the future, also called eTP smartGrids (eTP
sG), founded in 2005, was the first initiative in europe to
address smart grid challenges by bringing together a wide
range of stakeholders, including manufacturers and technology providers, operators, research institutions, and regulators. it provides an independent framework for defining
agendas, priorities, and action plans for research and technological developments in areas in which europe requires
major advances in the medium to long term. These agendas
constitute valuable input to european and national researchfunding schemes.
eTP sG has defined a vision for 2020 and beyond (2006),
a strategic research agenda (2007), and a deployment document (2010). These have provided input to the eeGi as part
of the european strategic energy Technology (seT) plan.
With the aim of continuing to provide clear frameworks,
goals, and objectives for the research community and all
stakeholders in future smart grid systems, eTP sG has produced a new document called Strategic Research Agenda
2035 (sra 2035). it focuses on technology-related research
january/february 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover3
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