Step 1: From Europe to Macro-Areas Step 2: From Macro-Area to Country Level DK North Europe NL DE DE North Sea West Europe PL Check of System Adequacy CZ Check of System Adequacy East Europe Central Europe FR CH AT IT SI Step 3: From Country to Cluster Level Southwest Europe Cluster South Europe North Africa figure 9. The e-Highway three-step, top-down approach for scenario development. North Europe X-10-European Energy Share 13% 33% 18% 20% 9% 7% Wind Solar (with CSP) Biomass Nuclear Thermal Hydro 49% 30% 24% 8% 13%10% 36% 6% 5% Load: 963 TWh Balance: -25% Load: 1,383 TWh Balance: 1% East Europe 7% 16% 29% 29% 6% 13% Load: 421 TWh Balance: -3% South Europe Southwest Europe 8% 1% 3% Load: 321 TWh Balance: 29% 15% 36% 7% 20% North Sea % EU Load: 7% Central Europe West Europe 6% 11% 20% 16% 16% 23% 29% 20% 13% 7% Load: 603 TWh Balance: -9% Africa % EU Load: 1.1% 16% 44% 8% 0% Load: 674 TWh Balance: -24% figure 10. The energy mixes and the imbalances for scenario S3 (large fossil fuel, with CCS and nuclear), at the macro level. january/february 2015 ieee power & energy magazine 45