IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 46

30

83

62
51

Hydro with Reservoir
Wind
PV
Biomass
Nuclear
Thermal

20
11
11

20
11

12
7
8
2
13
8
34

figure 11. The installed capacities for scenario S3, at the country and cluster levels, for Germany.

and an equivalent impedance were calculated to limit the
flows exchanged.
Based on this representation, system simulations were
then performed. On an hourly basis, unit commitment and
generation dispatching were optimized to minimize costs for
different Monte Carlo years and for the various scenarios
in 2050. This "market" optimization thus took into account

figure 12. Corridors as incremental parts of a potential
overlay grid development.
46

ieee power & energy magazine

grid characteristics. A realistic use of the transmission was
thus taken into account to identify the weaknesses and the
constraints in the existing transmission system.
This first set of simulations led to what is commonly called
constraints analysis, during which the behavior of the system
and its weaknesses are identified. The next step focused on the
definition of an overlay structure to reduce these constraints.
Indeed, the development of the transmission system in 2050 is
focused on this potential overlay structure (see Figure 12).
The identification of possible transmission corridors was performed by assessing the benefit for the overall generation costs
of the power system. Various indicators coming from the system
simulations tool were combined to determine where and how
much to reinforce. To consider mutual influences caused by any
reinforcement of a transmission line, the process was iteratively
duplicated until none of the possible reinforcements promised a
benefit. After each step, a recalculation of the transmission capacities and impedances was performed to consider the effects of
new transmission lines. This iterative process was repeated until
the 2050 system was free of grid constraints or until further grid
development promised a negative benefit (see Figure 13).
The benefits were assessed by applying a multicriteria, benefit-cost assessment. For each candidate grid reinforcement, the
effects on overall generation costs and the security of supply
were examined in relation to its possible costs. At a later stage,
the transmission capacity value and the technology to be used
were determined, taking into account the length of the line.
After the grid development, each 2050 grid architecture was
checked for its ability to be implemented and operated in the
january/february 2015



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover4
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