IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 107
so-called "EEI" companies that were
franchised in cities across the nation
after the success of the original Edison
installation in lower Manhattan.
The Citizen's Company constructed a new station at DeKalb Avenue
and Rockwell Place, while the Edison Company had large stations on
Lexington Avenue and also on Pearl
Street (see Figure 3). The similarity of those Brooklyn street names to
thoroughfares in Manhattan has been
the source of much confusion over the
years, especially for Pearl Street, given
the duplication of power plant names in
neighboring boroughs.
Progress
Distribution for general loads apparently was the standard 120/240-V
"Edison" three-wire dc system, but the
exploration of ac was rapid. The first
ac installation appears to have been un-
january/february 2016
dertaken by the Citizen's Company in
1895. As with any such installation of
that period, the issue of reactive power
management and power factor correction were major concerns. An effort,
both informational and educational,
was undertaken that year with a demonstration of power factor correction at
the DeKalb Avenue station.
An alternator was started, and several universal-type motors were connected as loads. The connection of an
induction motor increased the current
drawn by 50%, not unusual in an era
when induction motors were still in
development. An unloaded synchronous motor was placed on the circuit
as a synchronous condenser (as capacitors were then termed), and the current
drawn declined by 30%. The audience
reaction was unexpected; at least one
experienced electrician unfamiliar with
ac system theory demanded to see the
additional generator he believed was
hidden. That demonstrated the need for
a better professional understanding of
ac system theory.
The Municipal Company installed
ac in an 1897 extension of the Ainslie
Street station to supply induction motors in factories along the waterfront
in the Greenpoint and Williamsburg
sections of Brooklyn. Unlike most ac
distribution, which was two phase owing to the difficulty of balancing lighting loads on three-phase lines at that
time, the Ainslie installation was the
more efficient three phase as it supplied
only motors. It operated at 60 Hz, unusual for motors as lower frequencies
reduced heat losses in the machines of
that time. A harbinger of future practice, it may have been the first threephase 60-Hz system in the entire New
York region supplied today by the Consolidated Edison Company (Con Ed).
ieee power & energy magazine
107
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