IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 84

figure 1. A vision of the integrated grid that takes full advantage of widespread distributed resources.

distributed resources and the power system infrastructure.
There are both beneficial aspects of this interaction (e.g.,
storage ability to manage demand and contribute to flexibility requirements) as well as impacts that can result in
investment requirements to manage (e.g., voltage regulation requirements caused by PV generation variations). The
interaction is dependent on the specific characteristics of the
distribution circuits (design and equipment), existing loads,
time variations of loads and generation, environmental conditions, and other local factors.
The integrated grid will optimize energy production, including the integration of widespread distributed
resources with more central generation and the operation
of the power system. The concept of "local energy optimization" applies to local facilities and groups of facilities
managing local resources in an optimum way. The integrated grid takes this one step further and optimizes these
resources with the needs and operation of the entire grid.
The integrated grid requires many new systems that will
facilitate this optimization:
✔ distribution management systems (DMSs) that include
DER integration
✔ advanced voltage and var control that integrates the
functionality of smart inverters and distributed energy
storage
✔ demand response (DR) systems and advanced customer interfaces that allow customer resources to support both local distribution systems and overall grid
performance
✔ energy storage management systems that help realize the multiple value streams associated with energy
storage systems
84

ieee power & energy magazine

✔ control of distributed resources in combination with

microgrid controllers to support local power system
operation for resiliency and reliability
✔ advanced forecasting for both customer load and distributed generation for optimal operation of the grid
and scheduling of other generation resources
✔ real-time simulation systems that integrate distributed
resource operation for optimizing system performance
✔ market- and pricing-based systems for managing distributed resources.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has
proposed a smart grid conceptual model (see Figure 2 from
IEC 62913-1), providing the basis for defining smart grid
business requirements associated with these new systems.
These and many other systems must interface with distributed control systems and resources on the grid. This article
focuses on the architecture and the data interfaces that will
make this integration possible, while allowing innovation in
the development of these and other valuable applications.

Architecture for the Integrated Grid
The National Institute of Standards and Technology Smart
Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) created a smart grid
architecture conceptual model that defines domains, actors,
and stakeholders associated with the smart grid operation.
This provided an excellent framework for the integrated
grid and was further refined by the Reference Architecture
Working Group under the European Smart Grid Coordination Group, which proposed the Smart Grid Architecture
Model (SGAM) (see Figure 3).
The smart grid is a complex system of systems, serving
the diverse needs of many stakeholders. It must support
january/february 2016



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 117
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 118
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 119
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 120
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 121
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 122
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 123
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 124
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 125
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 126
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 127
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 128
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com