IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - 29

✔ NETFLEX: network-enhanced flexibility through

coordination
✔ FLEXGRID: improving the "local" flexibility of the
grid.
These six large-scale demonstrations are complemented
by three work packages on the nontechnological barriers to
the development of an offshore grid and on the replication
and scalability at the eU level of the results of the demonstration projects.
while participating in many aspects of the program, rTe
most significantly led the DcGriD demo. as part of the
research and demonstration activities, a dc circuit breaker was
designed by alstom Grid and successfully tested, and innovative dc protection algorithms were validated. local controls
were designed to enable various dc grids to accommodate
wind power transmission and a large range of contingencies
(including those on the ac system) without any need for dedicated very high-speed telecommunications, as demonstrated
with the first dc grid mock-up including physical cables and
protection (see Figure 3). as for economic benefits, it was
established that new offshore grids allow local surpluses of
wind power to be used elsewhere, reserve power to be held,
and potentially cheap, low-carbon power to be used instead of
more expensive higher-carbon fossil fuel plants.
The DcGriD demo of the TwenTies program, completed in september 2013, provided and demonstrated key
building blocks for designing future hVdc networks that
can abe securely operated and integrated into existing ac
systems. Further, rTe will build on the tools developed as

part of TwenTies to study other converter architectures
and study their behavior under stringent transient conditions. rTe will also push for research and demonstration
activities to study and mitigate potential interaction issues
between close hVdc converters and to tackle interoperability issues in multiterminal, multivendor dc grids. To support
these activities, numerical tools will be needed that offer
detailed modeling of hVdc components and controls while
maintaining a good compromise between robustness, accuracy, and flexibility. recognizing this, rTe will continue
its direct involvement in the development and improvement
of such tools. in the end, to validate the various modeling
approaches for the different range of phenomena and to
demonstrate interoperability and the absence of detrimental interactions, hardware-in-the-loop architectures will
be needed, with actual replicas of the physical control systems. in this area, as part of its ongoing hVdc projects, rTe
has recently assembled a hardware-in-the-loop test facility
called smarTe that uses the hypersim simulator. rTe
aims to expand this facility to meet its future project needs
and to participate in the future development and improvement of the simulator.
in the longer term, the share of power electronics connections into existing ac systems will significantly increase due
to the massive penetration of inverter-connected renewable
plants and the development of dc links and grids. as a result,
the share of grid-connected conventional synchronous generators will decrease locally and globally. synchronous generators govern frequency dynamics and slow down frequency

ac Network and Convertor in
Real-Time Simulator

Wind Farm and Convertor
in Real-Time Simulator

ac Network in
Real-Time Simulator

Wind Farm and Convertor
in Real-Time Simulator

Wind Farm in Real-Time
Simulator

20 A Permanent, 120 A (4 s)
Voltage- or Current-Controlled ±125 Vdc
20 A Permanent, 120 A (4 s)
Voltage- or Current-Controlled 100 Vac
dc Breaker to Be Designed

figure 3. The mock-up of a dc grid developed as part of the TWENTIES project (source: RTE).
march/april 2014	

ieee power & energy magazine

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover4
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