IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 50

By Thomas Stetz,
Jan von Appen,
Fabian Niedermeyer,
Gunter Scheibner,
Roman Sikora, and
Martin Braun

A

AFTER BOOMING FROM 2009 TO 2012, THE GERMAN
photovoltaic (PV) industry suffered from drastically reduced
feed-in tariffs (FITs). With around 3 GWp of newly installed
nominal PV capacity in 2013 and a predicted drop to around
2 GWp of additional nominal capacity in 2014 (there had
only been 1.03 GWp added by July), the growth of the German PV market has reached 2008 levels (see Figure 1). But
with more than 1.5 million PV plants and a total of approximately 38 GWp of nominal capacity, Germany is still the
country with the largest amount of installed PV capacity in
the world. The political aim is to reach 52 GWp by 2020.
In 2013, PV systems provided 6.5% of nationwide electricity consumption (see Figure 2) (RES in total 24%) and covers regularly with up to 20-23 GW on sunny summer days
around one-third of the noon peak of around 50-75 GW. As
of today, PV systems are already the major source of electricity in Germany when installed capacity is viewed broken
down by specific electricity source (see Figure 3).
In this article, we provide a system-level overview of the
current "hot" topics regarding PV grid integration in Germany and discuss various upcoming R&D challenges for
future high-PV-penetration scenarios.
The second section of the article deals with PV storage
applications at the household level. We discuss ways that

intelligent PV storage management systems could increase
the value of PV systems to their owners.
The third section presents PV grid integration issues from
a distribution system perspective. The value of advanced
inverter functions is discussed, as well as the future role of

Twilight
of the Grids
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2014.2379971
Date of publication: 24 February 2015

50

ieee power & energy magazine

1540-7977/15©2015IEEE

march/april 2015



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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover3
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