IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 46

Just as a Power Plant Is Part of a Power Grid...

...a Power Plant Model Is Part of a Power Grid Model

figure 1. Power plants need to be modeled accurately to let grid operators use simulations to assess overall system
performance and reliability.

significant differences between the simulations and the
actual data recorded during the disturbances (see figure 2).
This created concern that the models were unable to predict the reliability impacts of grid disturbances. because
these simulations are used for setting system operating
limits, WScc system engineers were concerned that the
interconnected power system could be running above its
operating limits, which could create unsafe conditions and
ultimately cause major outages. To restore confidence in
the models, WScc instituted a policy that requires regular
testing of generators whose capacities are greater than 10
MW to confirm that the parameters used to represent them
in dynamic simulations are accurate. Since 2006, Wecc's
generating Unit Model validation Policy has required
power plant model data validation at least once every five
years. in 2007, the north american electric reliability
corporation (nerc) also began developing standards that
would require power plant owners to perform periodic verification of power plant models. While many improvements
to power grid models have been made as a result of these
validation tests, differences between data in the simulations and measured performance still exist.
46

ieee power & energy magazine

accurately characterizing the performance of power
plants for modeling studies necessitates running tests that
require the plants to be shut down from normal operation
and forego revenues from power sales. Testing may expose
problems that must be fixed before returning the power
plant back to operation, further reducing revenues. The
cost to have a consultant perform model validation tests
and submit the models and a test report can range from
approximately US$15,000 to US$35,000, depending on the
number of generators requiring testing. Other costs include
staff time and fuel costs.
in addition, various constraints limit the options when
designing staged tests. The practicality and costs of staged
testing depend on the type of plant. The options for gas
turbine units in urban areas may be limited by air quality
requirements so that favored test methods may not be permitted. even the scheduling of staged tests can be difficult.
Testing is generally performed during scheduled maintenance periods, when power prices are low. Many different
entities may want to test during the same time period, but
there are only a few specialists available to perform generator testing.
may/june 2014



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 127
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 128
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover4
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