IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015 - 41
Targets proposed by the EU governments
for greenhouse gas emission reductions of at
least 80% in 2050.
closing the substation LV feeder switches. The connection of the storage unit in no load/generation conditions ensures that the microgrid is operating at nominal frequency and voltage.
✔ Synchronization of the running microsources to
the microgrid. The synchronization is enabled by the
MGCC, with the necessary conditions, such as phase
sequence, frequency, and voltage differences (both in
phase and amplitude) checked by the MC, through
synchrocheck relays.
✔ Coordinated reconnection of loads and noncontrollable microsources, considering the available
storage capacity and local generation, to avoid large
frequency and voltage deviations during load and noncontrollable generation connection.
✔ Microgrid synchronization with the main grid,
when the service is restored at the MV network. The
MGCC should receive a confirmation from the distribution network operator to start the synchronization
with the upstream network. The synchronous conditions are checked locally through a synchrocheck relay.
Future Modeling Challenges
Further modeling development is needed for facilitating
the application of such schemes at scale, while fully coordinating pre- and post-fault actions of demand-side, storage,
distributed generation, and emerging advanced network technologies, particularly power electronics based, are yet to be
developed.
In addition to real-time microgrid state estimation models
using only a limited amount of real-time measurements, several key modeling tools are not yet fully investigated:
✔ models for the real-time computation of security and
quality indicators including network steady-state and
stability margin assessments
✔ models for the preventive optimization of microgrid
configuration based on predicted load, generation,
and line ratings including prefault optimization of
Decision Support Tools
ESCo
* Load/RES Forecast
* State Estimation
* Security Monitoring
Measurements
Price Schedules
and Policies
Microgrid
Negotiation
IC
IC
IC
IC
figure 8. The decentralized approach.
may/june 2015
ieee power & energy magazine
41
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