IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 27

Central Power
Plant
HV
Residential

Transmission
Grid

Smart
Appliances

Wind
Farms
Renewable
Energy

Commercial

Residential
Homes (LV)

Demand
Response
Solar
Panels

Office
Buildings

Solar
Panels

MV

Substation
Electrical
Storage

Solar
Farms

Electrical
Storage

Distributed
Generation

Wind
Turbines

Active Dist.
Management

Distributed Generation and Storage (DER)
Substation
Industrial
Plant

Distributed
Generation

Demand
Response

Industrial

Active
Distribution Grid

figure 3. The microgrid and its constitutive components (used with permission from G. Joos).

997-Microgrid Research, Development, and System Design
(FOA 997) on 31 January 2014. The objective was to advance
microgrid system designs and control functionalities to realize
DOE program goals for reliability, emissions, system efficiency,
and resiliency.
The DOE made competitive awards to seven industry-led
project teams in September 2014, with US$1.2 million per
award. The period of performance was two years, including
18 months of R&D and six months of testing, data collection,
and analysis. The FOA required the submission of a preliminary test plan to be approved by the DOE as a deliverable
under the contracts. An evaluation rubric was developed for
evaluating test plans for feasibility testing of controllers/system designs in meeting the defined functional requirements;
see "Test Plan Functional Requirements."
The evaluation rubric required replies to basic questions
to assess the understanding of the awardees on performance
metrics and industry standards related to the interconnection
of microgrids to the grid, e.g., IEEE Standard 1547. A test
plan checklist was also included in categories such as tools,
test setup diagram, step-by-step test procedure, and uncertainties of the test plan.

Microgrid Controllers-Functional Use Cases
Relationship of Use Cases to Microgrids

The microgrid, whatever the configuration of generation
and loads, may be characterized in terms of the functionaljuly/august 2017

Test Plan Functional Requirements
C.1 Disconnection
C.2 Resynchronization and reconnection
C.3 Steady-state frequency range, voltage range, and power quality
C.4 Protection
C.5.1 Dispatch: Optimization of energy consumption and
generation
C.5.2.a Dispatch: Grid services: Energy
C.5.2.b Dispatch: Grid services: Volt/var support
C.5.2.c Dispatch: Grid services: Frequency regulation
C.5.2.d Dispatch: Grid services: Spinning reserve
C.5.2.e Dispatch: Grid services: Black-start support
C.5.2.f Dispatch: Grid services: Demand response
C.6 Enhanced resilience

ity of its controller. These functions are defined by use cases
that are the basis for both standards and testing. For example, both IEEE P2030.7, Standard for Specifications of Microgrid Controllers, and IEEE P2030.8, Standard for Testing
Microgrid Controllers, are based upon use cases to derive
requirements. Use cases capture the functional requirements
of the system and describe the actors, interfaces, information
exchanges, and sequence of events.
ieee power & energy magazine

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017
