IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 74

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figure 1. An example of microgrid architecture on a radial
distribution system. (Adapted with permission from Reder
et al.)

DERs that are integrated as a microgrid have the potential to provide a wide range of benefits for the customers connected to a utility's network. These include
✔ improved reliability and outage resiliency
✔ cost optimization for dispatching distributed generation and loads
✔ diversification of energy sources
✔ energy efficiency and demand response
✔ participation in ancillary services
The interest in integrating DERs is fueled by a stack of
value propositions that include increased renewable energy
resources, optimized energy delivery by local generation control, a more resilient electricity supply to customers amid
storms, and enhanced resiliency of critical assets. To some
extent, these objectives are already being met with available
technologies, including battery storage and back-up standby
generators, that protect critical facilities such as hospitals.
Photovoltaic systems can already be found on rooftops all

across the Unites States and in many other countries. The prolific deployment of these and other DERs poses a challenge
to utilities as they attempt to utilize traditional approaches to
integrate components into their networks. We acknowledge the need for a greater understanding of how these new
resources will interact with the utility's energy and communications network. We foresee that all rate-paying customers,
our most important stakeholders, will benefit as more value is
captured from proper monitoring, dispatch, and aggregation
of DERs connected to the grid.

Requirement Analysis Process
Requirement analysis is a systems engineering process that
is key in bridging stakeholder requirements and architecture
design. Our proposed requirement analysis process takes
all inputs from stakeholders and ultimately translates them
into technical requirements for architecture design. Its main
components consist of the following:
✔ requirements definition: processing elicited requirements and outputting baseline requirements for analysis
✔ requirements analysis: processing requirements with
overlapping needs, with sometimes competing and outputting cohesive sets of requirements
✔ architecture design: takes well-organized and defined
requirements and maps them into an optimum design.
As a quality check and to achieve proper maturity, the architecture functions and capabilities are compared to those identified
in the requirement definition process to verify proper alignment. If an imperfect alignment is found, the methodology
dictates going back to the requirement definition step and seek
compromise among stakeholder requirements. Through a flow
chart, Figure 2 depicts the requirement analysis process as an
iterative method

Stakeholders
Requirements Analysis Process
Stakeholders
Stakeholder
Requirements
Stakeholder
Requirements
Definition
Process

Technical
Requirements

Requirements
Analysis
Process

Logical Models
Derived Technical
Requirements

Architecture
Design
Process

figure 2. The requirement analysis process.
74

ieee power & energy magazine

Deploying a microgrid platform overlaps the domains of
multiple stakeholders. From an electrical utility perspective,
external stakeholders typically include
✔ end energy consumers
✔ site energy managers
✔ technology vendors
✔ engineering procurement and construction service
providers
✔ property owners
✔ project financiers
✔ utility service providers (natural gas, water, and sewer)
✔ public utility commission
✔ owners/operators of neighboring facilities.
Internal stakeholders may include
✔ various engineering groups
✔ standards engineering
✔ project engineering
✔ field crews
✔ planning
✔ senior management.
july/august 2017



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