IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 80

The Emerging
Transactive
Microgrid
Controller

M

MICROGRIDS WERE INITIALLY POPULARIZED TO
increase resiliency of real-time electric power systems regarding natural disasters. With the changing electricity industry landscape in recent years associated with cost-effective
distributed energy resources (DERs), such as rooftop solar
photovoltaic (PV) systems, distributed storage, and increased
active demand-side participation, microgrids are finding their
place in this landscape as economic transactive agents capable of providing a variety of services to the mutual benefit
of the microgrid, the distribution utility, and the power system at large. Presently, microgrids can participate in distribution utility demand response (DR) and other demand-side
programs, provide energy and ancillary services (ASs) to the
bulk power system and markets and in some cases provide
voltage support and resiliency to neighboring facilities. The
emergence of the new distribution system operator (DSO)
construct and the transactive energy (TE) paradigm, however,
will further enhance a microgrid's capabilities to participate
in retail, wholesale, and bilateral markets when operating in a
grid-connected mode.

In the grid-connected mode, in addition to providing
grid services for bulk power and distribution operations to
the extent allowed by regulatory provisions, the microgrid
can also engage in bilateral trades with other microgrids,
prosumers, or consumers. The TE framework defines the
information exchange layers for such transactions. The DSO
construct and associated distribution system platform (DSP)
have emerged to facilitate such transactions. In some proposed DSO/DSP structures, retail markets are envisioned
whereby microgrids and other DR/DER asset operators can
submit bids and offers in addition to bilateral exchanges.
This is reminiscent of the operation of bulk power markets
following the advent of transmission open access more than
two decades ago.
We refer to the emerging genre of microgrids capable of
operating as transitive agents under the new paradigm as transactive microgrids. To better illustrate the concept, functionality, and business case for transactive microgrids, in this article
we describe the Open Access Technology International, Inc.
(OATI) Microgrid Technology Center (South Campus) as an

By Ebrahim Vaahedi, Kash Nodehi, David Heim,
Farrokh Rahimi, and Ali Ipakchi
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2017.2688619
Date of publication: 16 June 2017

80

ieee power & energy magazine

1540-7977/17©2017IEEE

july/august 2017



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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - Cover3
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