400-kV Network in N.R. (East to West Corridor) Western Rishikesh Eastern 12:37 Hours of 26 July 2004 Moradabad 385 MW Muradnagar Lucknow 3,494 MW Sultanpur 538 MW Dadri 373 MW Ballabgarh Azamgarh Panki 507 MW Agra Agra Unnao Sarnath Obra Kanpur 431 MW Allahabad 1,2 00 Anpara Singrauli MW Rihand 498 MW 40° Angular Difference Between Rihand and Dadri/3,500 MW E-W Transfer and SPS Vindhyachal figure 2. The angular separation between Rihand and Dadri on 26 July 2004. 302 339 285 307 265 Anpara 466 80 Singrauli 425 0 551 358 507 8 -30 30 Vindhyachal (North-West) 405 102 48 51 387 409 Rihand 407 Obra 405 39 (Rihand-Dadri) (0-45°) figure 3. Monitoring angular separation through SCADA and an angle transducer. in 2007, the phase-angle separation between the two buses was measured and telemetered using the phase-angle transducer (±60˚). For the last two decades, a conventional SCADA/EMS has been used to monitor the power grid, but there are cerseptember/october 2015 tain limitations in monitoring modern and complex electric grids. These limitations can be summarized as ✔ lack of time stamped data ✔ lack of time synchronization ✔ latency and skewed data ieee power & energy magazine 51