IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - 35
The innovation layer is a vital element of the proposed framework
as it focuses on identifying and evaluating the next wave of
technology and business solutions.
between utilities and customers require a flexible, progressive, and adaptive regulatory framework to govern such transactions. Finally, additional business, regulatory, and policy
challenges are likely to emerge with the creation of distribution markets, where prosumers (end users with the ability to
produce and consume electricity) and der developers could
engage in financial and physical transactions, and with the
incorporation of ders as an integral part of the portfolio
of solutions for planning the expansion and enhancing the
operation of transmission and distribution systems. such
aspects are being considered in new york's reforming the
energy vision and california's drP. The potential creation
of distribution system markets, analogous to that of bulk
power systems, raises questions regarding suitable market
architectures, procedures, responsibilities, and functions to
address aspects such as potential conflicts of interest associated with joint grid and market operation. While these certainly represent challenges for the electric utility industry,
they also represent opportunities to drive change; therefore,
electric utilities must be prepared to have strong and forward-thinking regulatory organizations that can help them
navigate through this fast changing landscape.
Enabling Layer
The second layer of the proposed utility and grid of the
future framework comprises the infrastructure required to
enable smart functionalities and increased grid and utility
system intelligence.
Enabling Infrastructure
This component is made up of all new intelligent assets and
communications and information systems infrastructure that
traditionally had not been used extensively in transmission
and distribution grids and utility systems. on the grid side,
examples includes a plethora of smart devices connected to
utility grids, which has prompted the emergence of the "grid
of things" term coined by Pacific gas and electric. such
device and systems comprise smart meters and AMis, PMus,
smart inverters, microprocessor-based relays, required devices and controllers for implementation of substation and
feeder automation solutions, such as fault location, isolation
and service restoration and volt-var optimization, advanced
reclosers and switches, advanced sensors (voltage, current,
and power flow), remotely monitored fault indicators, flexible ac transmission and distribution systems devices, ders,
and microgrids. here it is important to highlight that the
september/october 2016
definition of intelligent grid is not uniform among utilities,
particularly concerning the distribution grid. For instance,
some utilities have extensive automated grids with distribution automation solutions based on microprocessor-based
reclosers and smart switches monitored and controlled by
dMss, others have full coverage of AMis for all their customers, while others use these technologies to a lesser extent
or none at all.
This additional infrastructure enables the capability of
real-time monitoring, protection, automation, and control in
modern transmission and distribution grids. numerous utilities have been engaged in the last decade in the deployment
of the enabling infrastructure, particularly in the utilization
of feeder automation solutions and AMis; examples include
commonwealth edison, centerPoint energy, Pacific gas and
electric, duke energy, Florida Power and light, and Pepco
holdings inc. challenges in this area include the emergence
of a wide number of products from numerous vendors and
the evolving status of respective engineering standards,
which increases the complexity of the selection process to
identify suitable technologies. For instance, there is still
ongoing work on standards that govern the implementation
of smart inverter functions such as volt-var control, voltage
and frequency ride through, and active power output curtailment. similarly, there is ongoing work on standards to define
the functionalities of microgrid controllers, specifically ieee
Project P2030.7, Standard for the Specification of Microgrid
Controllers, is currently addressing this topic. Furthermore,
cybersecurity is another important challenge that accompanies the proliferation of smart devices plugged into utility
grids and therefore into utility information systems.
Incremental Intelligence
This aspect of the utility of the future framework comprises
all information and enterprise systems that provide incremental intelligence to transmission and distribution grids
and utility systems. The term "incremental" emphasizes the
fact that existing systems are intelligent to a certain extent.
The purpose of this component is to enable additional
capabilities to bridge gaps, which can be accomplished by
implementing new systems and/or building upon/enhancing
existing systems. examples comprise information systems
required to facilitate iT/oT convergence, i.e., the ability
to share data seamlessly and efficiently among utility systems and applications. on the grid side, this includes management systems responsible for processing and analyzing
ieee power & energy magazine
35
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover4
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