IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2015 - 96

York City's East 24th Street. By 1886,
he had a flat car with one dummy (no
motor) and one motorized truck running
flawlessly up and down the track and felt
ready to demonstrate it (see Figure 3).
among his first visitors was Jay Gould,
a multimillionaire who, among other
railway systems, controlled the Manhattan Elevated. The demonstration was a
disaster. With Gould aboard as the car
sped along, Sprague applied the reverser, the safety catch exploded, and a panicked Jay Gould was only saved from
grave injury when he was prevented
from jumping off the moving car. Unhurt but deeply embarrassed by his loss
of composure, Gould stormed off, never
to return, and delayed elevated electrification in Manhattan until well after Chicago took the lead.
after his 1888 success in Richmond, Sprague resumed his assault on
the Manhattan Elevated. a February
1891 interview in Commercial Advertiser proposing a four-track New York
City electric subway system was followed a month later by a letter directly
to William Steinway, the chairman of
the Rapid Transit Commission. There
was no response. In mid-1891 Sprague
discussed the advantages of electric
motive power in both subways and elevated railways, commonly known as
"Ls," at an aIEE meeting. Jay Gould
remained opposed. Specific proposals
in 1893, 1894, and 1896 for demonstrations at Sprague's own cost still fell on
deaf ears. But by then Chicago, which
had built its first steam-driven L in
1892, had trumped the rest of the world
when an electric locomotive replaced
steam at the 1893 World's Columbian
Exposition. Four years later, Chicago
again led the way when it installed the
first commercial MU elevated railway.

Why the MU?
as urban rail transportation traffic continued to grow, steam had to be replaced. It
didn't work in subways, Ls contaminated
everything around them, and sprawling
dirty rail yards were eyesores, dangerous, and ruined local property values.
The first obvious move was an electric
locomotive, but this only worked for



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