Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 54
podophyllotoxin than P. peltatum, so
during the next three decades, they
switched to the roots and rhizomes of
the Himalayan species. The demand by
the international market for this plant
quickly turned it into an endangered
species.
For this reason Moraes, Lata, Bedir,
Maqbool, and Cushman used a different extractive method on the leaf
blades of our mayapple to produce
podophyllotoxin. Unlike ripping up
the roots and rhizomes, which destroys
the plants, leaf blades are a continually renewable resource. Then, too,
our mayapple is common and grows in
large colonies from northern Quebec
and Minnesota to Florida and Texas
and west to Nebraska. It also thrives
under wide-ranging growing conditions
from the low winter temperatures of the
north to the high summer temperatures
of the south.
Like many spring wildflowers, mayapples reproduce both sexually and
asexually. Sexually, bumblebees and
other long-tongued bees cross-pollinate
54
the flowers from one clonal colony to
another, while asexually the rhizomes
continually expand in dense circular
clones, usually crowding out any competing vegetation. The plants are one
to one and a half feet tall and consist
of sterile, immature, palmate-shaped,
single leaves or two to three, palmatelylobed, reproductive leaves.
Both its genus name — Podophyllum — which means “foot leaf,” and
its species name peltatum meaning
“shield-shaped” refers to its leaves.
So, too, do three of its common
names — “umbrella leaf,” “duck’s foot,”
and “Puck’s foot” (the forest fairy in A
Midsummer Night’s Dream).
Its fruit has also inspired several
alternative names — “Indian apple,”
“hog apple,” (wild pigs love it), “wild
lemon,” “ground lemon,” and “raccoon
berry.”
Its medicinal uses have given it still
more nicknames that need more explanation for modern readers. “American
mandrake,” the most popular alternative name for mayapple, referred to
one of the most powerful of Old World
medicinal herbs, mandrake — Mandragora officinarum — that grows in
the Mediterranean countries. Its brown
root, which penetrates deep into the
ground, often branches and resembles a
human figure. While neither the plant
nor its flower looks like our mayapple,
its fruit is a large, fleshy, yellow to
orange-colored berry. It was used as a
sleeping pill when the sufferer was in
pain or being operated on, as a remedy
for depression, and as a purgative. Like
mayapple, the plant is poisonous.
“Devil’s apple” may refer to its fruit
or, more likely, to its medicinal use,
because mandrake is also known as
“Satan’s apple.” “Vegetable mercury”
GAME NEWS
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013
Contents
Moving Forward
Whitetail Predation
Huntin’ the Big Boys
Pymatuning and Conneaut
Sam Townsley, Loves Valley’s Watchdog
Memorial Day Memories
My Buck Hunt
Field Notes
From the Field
The Remaking of a Shelter
Conservation News
Making a Difference
What Should I Be Doing This Month?
Another View
The Naturalist’s Eye
Straight from the Bowstring
Lock, Stock & Barrel
Crossings
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Moving Forward
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Whitetail Predation
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Huntin’ the Big Boys
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Pymatuning and Conneaut
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Sam Townsley, Loves Valley’s Watchdog
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Memorial Day Memories
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - My Buck Hunt
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Field Notes
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - From the Field
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - The Remaking of a Shelter
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Conservation News
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Making a Difference
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - What Should I Be Doing This Month?
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Another View
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - The Naturalist’s Eye
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Straight from the Bowstring
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 58
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 59
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Lock, Stock & Barrel
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Crossings
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - BB1
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - BB2
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2013 - Cover4
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