Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 53
Berks and Crawford counties.
But by 1966, habitat loss appeared
to have restricted them to a 50-acre
field near the Philadelphia International Airport. Eventually that field was
developed into an airport cargo hub,
but by then, birders in northwestern
Pennsylvania had discovered tiny nesting populations on reclaimed surface
mines, most notably in southern Clarion
County, which has remained the core of
the short-eared owl's range in Pennsylvania since the mid-1980s.
Not only in Pennsylvania, but elsewhere in the Northeast, the loss or
degradation preferred nesting habitats
- marshes, grasslands and grassy fields
of 100 acres or more - has led to declining populations.
Short-eared owls breed in the Americas, northern Europe and Asia.
Later in March or early April, shorteared owl males perform what some
researchers refer to as their "sky dance."
While a female sits on the ground,
a male might soar as high as 500 feet
above her, calling voo-hoo-hoo-hoo.
When he reaches the top of his
climb, he dives earthward, stopping
his plunge to clap his wings together a
dozen or more times.
Often he repeats his performance
several times before landing on the
ground, where the female joins him.
The female scrapes out a ground
nest on dry upland sites with kneehigh grasses and lines it with grass and
downy feathers. She lays an average of
three creamy-white eggs over several
days, but begins incubating them as
soon as she lays the first egg.
Her mate feeds her and defends the
nest area - and later defends nestlings
MARCH 2016
from predators. The nesting female is
reluctant to flush at danger, waiting
until the last minute, when she will
join her mate in screaming, whining,
barking and performing broken-wing
distraction displays.
Because short-eared owls nest on
the ground in open habitat, their eggs
and nestlings might be preyed upon by
a wide range of birds and mammals.
Predators include herring gulls, bald
eagles, northern harriers, northern
goshawks, peregrine falcons, red-tailed
hawks, great horned owls, snowy owls,
common ravens, red foxes, domestic
dogs, feral cats, coyotes and striped
skunks.
Incubation lasts from 21 to 31 days,
and once the eggs hatch, the nestlings
develop rapidly, huddling beneath the
female until they are 9 days old.
After that, they sit upright on the
edge of the nest during the day.
She feeds them food provided by
the male, mainly voles and mice, but
also shrews, moles, rabbits, muskrats
and even birds.
The young leave the nest on foot at
14 to 17 days of age and wander until
53
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016
Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - A
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - B
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - C
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - D
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 46
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 48
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 49
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 52
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 56
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 58
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 59
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2016 - Cover4
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