Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 30

Denning for Data: Black bear cubs are born the second
week of January. During their first 8 weeks, cubs will
nearly double in size every other week and weigh 4 to
5 pounds by mid-March. In Pennsylvania, most adult
females have their first litter at age 3, and then every
other year thereafter. Average litter size is typically
three cubs, and sex ratios are close to even. However,
reproductive statistics can vary with habitat quality and
the sow's body condition. These data, particularly the
age when sows first reproduce, can influence greatly the
growth of a bear population, and consequently harvest limits in hunted populations. That's why most bear-management programs monitor reproductive statistics
by examining sows in their winter dens. Detecting a change in reproduction warns
managers that a population may be approaching the habitat's carrying capacity, that habitat or body condition is changing, or that harvest levels need to be
adjusted. Ear-tagging newborn cubs also provides a way to calculate survival
and dispersal as tags are recovered later - usually through harvest. To find winter
dens, a sample of sows are fitted with radio-collars; each collar emits its own
frequency that leads biologists to dens. During a visit, cubs are counted, weighed
and ear-tagged, the sow gets a general physical, and the radio-collar is readjusted
for fit or replaced. Most radio-collars last about four years. A visit takes about
45 minutes. Den visits are conducted in March; any sooner and the cubs are too
small to ear tag, and any later, the sow becomes increasingly prone to fleeing
when approached. Currently, about 35 sows with cubs are radio-collared across
three study areas in the state, representing three different physiographic regions.
In the past 45 years of den visits, agency biologists have tagged over 1,900 cubs.
- Mark Ternent, Black Bear Biologist
Seventeen years and 5,700 deer: This year marks the
17th consecutive year that agency deer biologists and
biologist aides have gone afield to capture whitetails across
Pennsylvania. This year, we expect to surpass the 5,700 deercaptured mark. For every captured deer, hours are spent carrying
equipment and bait, setting traps, waiting hours in blinds and
tree stands, and finally restraining and handling deer. This work
rarely occurs under ideal weather conditions. Rather, the typical
field season starts out cold, snowy and icy and ends with wet mud
in late March and April. Despite these challenges, this fieldwork
provides important information on deer survival and movements.
30



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016

Table of Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - a
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - b
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - c
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - d
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - Table of Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 46
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 48
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 49
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 52
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 56
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 58
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 59
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 65
Pennsylvania Game News - April 2016 - 66
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