Pennsylvania Game News - June 2017 - 64

Tyrants Rule
SUDDEN SQUAWKS made me look skyward. A raven
flapped past, trying to escape a much smaller bird that kept
darting in from above and pecking at its back. Letting out loud
and aggrieved cries, the raven fled. Its assailant flew up into the
air and then came swooping down. It landed neatly on a branch
in the crown of an apple tree in my backyard, settled its plumage,
and let out a string of buzzing, stuttering notes. It was a kingbird, and
it looked quite pleased with what it had just done.
The eastern kingbird is a member of the Tyrant flycatcher family. Its
relatives include the wood peewee, willow and alder flycatchers, eastern phoebe, and
great-crested flycatcher.
Birds generally defend their breeding territories, and the kingbird seems to take such
behavior to an extreme. Kingbirds fly at and attack potential nest robbers, such as hawks,
ravens, crows and jays. They even strafe unsuspecting birdwatchers who venture too close.
They aggressively drive away other kingbirds. Females sometimes harass their mates.
Slightly smaller than a robin, a kingbird has white underparts, a slate-gray back
and a coal-gray head. A neat white band tips its tail. The crown of a kingbird's
head has a bright red patch that usually remains hidden - until the angry bird
shifts its head feathers and displays that scarlet stripe. A kingbird's mouth has a
startling red interior, revealed when the bird opens its bill to scold.
Kingbirds perch in open terrain near brush or field edges and sally forth to nab
insects out of the air. Noisy and obvious, kingbirds are easy to observe. Watch
one fly into the wind, hold itself in position on fluttering wings, then dart forward
to snatch a fly or even a dragonfly from midair. Kingbirds eat small prey on the
wing and take larger prey back to their perches.
Kingbird fare also includes bees, wasps, beetles, butterflies and moths.
While they can be hot-tempered here on their northern breeding range, on their
South American wintering grounds kingbirds reform themselves; they become
gregarious, hanging out in flocks and feeding mainly on berries.
Kingbirds also eat berries and other fruits toward the end of the breeding
season in the north, and while migrating back and forth between their southern
and northern ranges.
Kingbirds, especially males, show "philopatry," which means they tend to
come back to the previous year's breeding site. I look for them in May, around
the time insect populations begin to increase.
As pretty as they are, these birds deserve their reputation as tyrants.
The ones who nest in my yard definitely rule.
64



Pennsylvania Game News - June 2017

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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2017 - Cover3
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