Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 31
MULTI-MATERIAL BODY SOLUTIONS:
MATERIALS FEATURE
Possibilities and manufacturing
challenges
The body-in-white is a prime target for
lightweighting and many automakers
are pursuing unique and effective
multi-material approaches, but
improved design tools and processes
may yield greater gains.
80
70
6,5
7,3
6,3
6,9
50
8,8
10,5
40
44,1
60
Body (40%)
Chassis (24%)
Powertrain (16%)
Interior (15%)
Electrical
system (5%)
42,4
8,1
7,7
9,7
8,8
12,7
14,3
40,3
39,4
Plastics
and
Plastic
Composites
Aluminum
30
High and
Medium
Strength
Steel
20
Regular
Steel
Figure 1: Vehicle mass divided per subsystem.
I
n the automotive industry, mass reduction and lightweight design is a
continuing trend that does not show signs of declining. When examing where to reduce weight in a vehicle, the body is a preferential subsystem due to its large contribution to overall mass and the stability of
body composition over a specific model range. The automotive industry
is moving toward a greater differentiation in materials, as can be seen in
the different multi-material vehicle bodies recently introduced. But while
mixing materials may contribute to a good compromise between weight
reduction and vehicle cost, it also proposes a number of challenges.
Introduction
At the moment, considerable industrial attention is focused on reducing energy consumption and this is especially true in the automotive
industry. A vehicle's energy consumption can be divided into three
discrete phases: production phase, use phase and end-of-life phase.
While development is not mentioned anywhere in these three
phases (and occurs before the first phase, production, is initiated),
decisions made during the development of a vehicle will affect energy consumption in the production, use and end-of-life phases.
Mass reduction of the vehicle clearly will affect energy consumption. But which parts of the vehicle contribute necessary mass and
which can be lightweighted?
A vehicle can be divided into five different subsystems based on
functionality; body, chassis, powertrain, interior and electrical system.
Figure 1 shows that the body is the largest mass contributor to the finalized vehicle, with 40% of the total mass attributed to this subsystem.
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
10
0
1995
2000
2007
2010
Figure 2: Material distribution (in %) of an average American
vehicle by year (adapted from Transportation Energy Data Book,
editions 28 and 31, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department
of Energy, 2009 and 2012).
This makes the body a most interesting target for mass
reduction. Also, since the body is more or less standardized throughout a model range, mass reduction in the
body will contribute to a mass reduction to all trim levels
of that model, whereas a mass reduction in interior or
powertrain components might apply only to a select
number of vehicles.
There are other ways of dividing the vehicle into subsystems; one is to look at the mass as primary, secondary and tertiary mass. Here, the body is the primary
mass; engine and drivetrain, suspension, wheels and
fuel is secondary mass; all other mass (as from glass,
electrical systems and interior) is tertiary mass. Primary
mass reduction will enable a secondary mass reduction
without affecting functionality, performance or vehicle
characteristics-and this further emphasizes the vehicle
body as a focus area for mass reduction, since it can be
June 2016 31
Automotive Engineering - June 2016
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Automotive Engineering - June 2016
Automotive Engineering - June 2016
Contents
Editorial
Technology Report
How Porsche met cooling challenges on the new 4-cylinder Boxster
Brembo brake-by-wire will be productionready before 2020
Powering up the new stop-start systems
Google talks self-driving vehicle development
Ford upgrades dyno sleds to handle 2017 Super Duty diesel’s might
A 24-hour battle of speed and efficiency
Pushing the ICE forward, gradually
Smile, you’re on Magna camera!
Multi-material body solutions: Possibilities and manufacturing challenges
Global Vehicles
Second time a charm for Honda’s unibody Ridgeline pickup?
Jaguar puts a brave Pace on testing its new crossover
Focus RS: Ford and GKN create an AWD masterpiece
Product Briefs
What’s Online
Companies Mentioned, Upcoming, Ad Index
Q&A
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Intro
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Automotive Engineering - June 2016
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Cover2
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Contents
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Editorial
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 3
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - How Porsche met cooling challenges on the new 4-cylinder Boxster
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 5
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 6
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 7
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Brembo brake-by-wire will be productionready before 2020
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 9
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 10
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 11
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Powering up the new stop-start systems
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 13
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 14
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Google talks self-driving vehicle development
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 16
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Ford upgrades dyno sleds to handle 2017 Super Duty diesel’s might
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - A 24-hour battle of speed and efficiency
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 19
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 20
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 21
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 22
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 23
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Pushing the ICE forward, gradually
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 25
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 26
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 27
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Smile, you’re on Magna camera!
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 29
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 30
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Multi-material body solutions: Possibilities and manufacturing challenges
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 32
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 33
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 34
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Second time a charm for Honda’s unibody Ridgeline pickup?
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 36
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Jaguar puts a brave Pace on testing its new crossover
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 38
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 39
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Focus RS: Ford and GKN create an AWD masterpiece
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 41
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Product Briefs
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 43
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 44
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - 45
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - What’s Online
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Companies Mentioned, Upcoming, Ad Index
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Q&A
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Cover3
Automotive Engineering - June 2016 - Cover4
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