SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - 28

Feature Article

Figure 6. Comparison of modelling results and experimental deformation shape and local strains for Type 1 component.

the Type 3 components, the load path was both
through the metallic reel to the unidirectional ribs,
and through the metallic attachment to the skin via
shear. The failure of these components characterised
by skin-to-ribs separation prior to failure around
the metallic reel in a similar manner to the Type 4
components.
An important part of the building block approach
is the numerical analysis complementary to the
testing programme in order to build the confidence
in the simulation approach and eventually use this to
investigate more complex loading scenarios.
In this programme, Type 1 & 2 components were
modelled and the results compared to the experimental
finding in order to validate the numerical approach.
Both variations of the components (i.e., with and
without skin) were modelled at first by 2D shell
elements with Abaqus Hashin failure criteria and then
as 3D elements with user failure criteria by means of
user defined subroutine. For the 2D shell elements,
Standard and Riks integration schemes were utilized
during simulation, because compressive load on a
thin walled structure causes unstable, geometrically
nonlinear response and buckling, for which Riks
method is better suited. For Type 1 components,
both shell and solid models predicted very well the
experimental stiffness obtained from local strain
measurements, as well as the local buckling of the
skin as shown in Figure 6. It was also apparent that
simplifying and modelling the ribs cross section
as constant led to over estimation of the failure
load. Overall the solid element models predicted
much better the failure load and captured the local
28

deformation more accurately. For Type 2 components,
shell models also over predicted the experimentally
obtained strength, although they captured the
macroscopic deformation of the component. The solid
model predicted accurately the initial fibre failure,
but it presented further deformation until complete
failure associated with instability of the ribs.
Further to the quasi-static tests and numerical
modelling and validation, fatigue tests were also
performed on all four types of components. The
intersection of spiral and hoop ribs component
(Type 1) failed in the same way as when tested under
quasi-static loading. Failure initiated from the rib
intersections and propagated along the ribs (Figure
7). Secondary failures of skin-to-rib debonding at the
edges were artefacts of the structural elements and

Figure 7. Type 1 component after fatigue test.

SAMPE Journal, Volume 52, No. 2, March/April 2016



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016

Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - 2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2016 - 3
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