SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 15

Feature Article
Results
Pressure Readings During Processing
The pressure sensors were used to measure the
honeycomb core pressure during the adhesive debulk (Figure 7), the application and de-bulk of each
IML ply (Figure 7), the pre-cure vacuum hold (Figure
8), and elevated temperature cure (Figure 9).
When the vacuum was applied to the bag for
the adhesive de-bulk shown in Figure 7, a sharp
decrease in pressure was initially observed across all
sensors. This sharp decrease occurred because the
adhesive film was applied by hand, and was not well
consolidated to the core. Therefore, large gas pathways
into the core were available for the gas to escape
quickly. Once the vacuum consolidated the adhesive
against the core in 1-2 min, the pressure decreased
gradually throughout the remainder of the de-bulk
for Sensors 1-3. Sensor 4 showed a gradual decrease
for roughly 1 h, before falling sharply, and mirroring
the vacuum level signal for the duration of the debulk. The pressure profile measured by the sensors is
governed by connectivity between the vacuum source
and the honeycomb cells containing the embedded
sensor. The vacuum and cells are only separated by

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the breather cloth and perforated release film. Clearly,
the alignment between the release film perforations
and Sensor 4 was better than Sensor 3, 2, and finally 1.
The honeycomb core pressure measurements
during each ply application and de-bulk is also shown
in Figure 7. The vacuum bag was vented and removed
from three sides of the mould to apply IML ply 1 at
time 0 on the right-side graph. The pressure near
Sensor 3 rose quickly towards ambient pressure when
IML ply 1 was applied. Sensors 2 and 4 remained
under vacuum for roughly 30 min, and Sensor 1
remained under vacuum for almost 1 h after the bag
was removed. Noticeable popping sounds were heard
when these sensors rose towards ambient pressure.
The timing of the separation corresponded to the
mould curvature near the sensors. Sensors 2-4 were
in the double-curvature region, but Sensor 3 was in the
core region with noticeable spring-back, and Sensor
1 was in the flat region. The separation between the
vacuum level and pressure sensor readings decreased
with each additional ply added to the IML skin. This
implies that skin permeability increased because
through-thickness pore networks are easier to form
with a more spiked plies.

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SAMPE Journal, Volume 52, No. 3, May/June 2016

© 2016 Web Industries, Inc. All rights reserved.

AS/EN9100C, ISO 9001 & 14001

15



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016

Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 4
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 5
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 6
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 7
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 8
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 9
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover4
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