SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 26
Feature Article
study the effect of a compromised cocoon structure on
the mechanical properties of the resulting syntactic
foam, foams employing longitudinal-oriented B. mori
cocoons with manually pierced ends (denoted as OL)
were also produced.
The unreinforced and reinforced foams where
thereafter assessed for physical and mechanical
properties. In terms of physical properties, the
apparent density rc (in accordance to in accordance
with ISO 845:2006) and volumetric composition was
determined. For the latter, the foams were presumed
to comprise of three constituent absolute volumes:
the cellular matrix nm, the fibrous cocoons n¦, and
the voids inside the hollow cocoons nn. Note that (n¦
+ nn) is equivalent to the total volume fraction of the
hollow cocoons (or non-matrix component). The
volumetric composition of the foams was estimated
using Equation 1, where w¦ is the mass ratio of the
cocoon shells and the resulting syntactic foam. The
absolute material density r¦ of both B. mori and G.
postica cocoons was assumed to be 1350 kg/m3.
[1]
26
Figure 3. The volumetric composition and apparent
densities of the various cocoon reinforced syntactic foams.
For mechanical properties, compression tests were
conducted on the syntactic foams, parallel to the foam
rise direction, in accordance with ASTM D162110.
Specimens were compressed by 13% of their original
thickness. The apparent compressive modulus (in the
strain range of 2 to 3%) and the compressive strength
(at 10% 'deformation10) were measured from the
stress-strain curves. Note that deformation is not the
same as strain or deflection; refer to10 for details.
Results and Discussion
Cocoons as Volume-Occupying Fillers in Foams
The apparent densities of the manufactured
unreinforced and cocoon reinforced foams are
presented in Figure 3. The measured density of the
neat foam (45 kg/m3) matched the datasheet value.
It was evident that cocoon reinforced foams had
significantly higher densities than the unreinforced
foams. Indeed, the various foams reinforced with
B. mori cocoons had 1.4 times higher densities (at
59-63 kg/m3), while the G. postica cocoon reinforced
foam was 2.6 times denser at 118 kg/m3. The higher
density of the wild G. postica cocoon reinforced
foam compared to the domesticated B. mori cocoon
reinforced foams was due to the higher wall thickness
of G. postica cocoon shells (Table 1) and consequently
a higher filler weight fraction of 88%; the filler
weight fraction of B. mori cocoon reinforced foams
was in the range of 57-68%. Often the density of
both (unreinforced) cellular foams and conventional
microsphere fillers is directly proportional to their
compressive strength11-13. Therefore, for cocoon
SAMPE Journal, Volume 52, No. 3, May/June 2016
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016
Contents
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover2
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