SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 30
Feature Article
Table 2. Silk fibres in comparison to plant fibres and glass fibres. Adapted from17.
to composites applications include i) their naturally
continuous length, and ii) the high compactibility of
silk preforms16. While the former would translate to
a high fibre length distribution factor and therefore
reinforcing effect in composites, the latter provides
an opportunity to produce high fibre volume fraction
natural fibre composites16.
As part of our research, we first conducted a
comprehensive literature review on silk composites
and simultaneously worked on the 'design of silk
fibre composites' noting the apparent differences
between the traditionally used brittle-stiff
reinforcing fibres and ductile-compliant silk fibres. In
developing silk fibre reinforced composites (SFRPs)
with useful properties, we highlighted three key
recommendations. Firstly, the comparable stiffness
of silk fibres to commonly used matrices (E¦/Em = 1-5
for silk-epoxy) implies that fibre volume fractions
30
n¦ in, for instance unidirectional SFRPs need to be i)
>20-40% to ensure that fibres carry at least equal
load as the matrix (i.e. P¦/Pm ≥ 1), and ii) >60%
to ensure that fibres carry at least ten times more
load than the matrix (i.e. P¦/Pm ≥ 10). Secondly, for
compatibility (viz. property and processing) with the
silk fibre, a thermosetting matrix with high-failure
strain, low-processing temperature, and low viscosity
needs to be selected. In particular, liquid composite
moulding processes such as vacuum-driven resin
transfer moulding (VARTM), are more suitable for silk
(and other natural fibres) than injection/extrusion
or compression moulding processes. Thirdly, given
the lack of studies investigating fracture energy
dissipation mechanisms in SFRPs, we proposed that
long (> 4mm) silk fibres that were not actively surface
treated may provide adequate fibre/matrix adhesion.
SAMPE Journal, Volume 52, No. 3, May/June 2016
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016
Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 2
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 4
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - 5
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SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - May/June 2016 - Cover4
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