Food Protection Trends - September/October 2016 - 390

GENERAL INTEREST PAPER Enhancing Practitioner Knowledge about Antibiotic Resistance: Connecting Human and Animal Health Michael Doyle,1 David Acheson,2 Jason Newland,3 Terry Dwelle,4 William Flynn,5 H. Morgan Scott,6 Randall Singer,7 Marianne Smith Edge8 and Tony Flood8* University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223, USA 1 The Acheson Group, 13983 Ridge Loop Road, Bigfork, MT 59911, USA 2 Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA 3 North Dakota Dept. of Health, 600 East Boulevard Ave., Bismarck, ND 58505, USA 4 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA 5 Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy., College Station, TX 77845, USA 6 Randall Singer, University of Minnesota, 300A Veterinary Science, 1971 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA 7 International Food Information Council (IFIC) Foundation, 1100 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 430, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA 8 SUMMARY The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is associated with increases in mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization, and health-care costs (6). While the medical community and the general public are becoming increasingly aware of this association, widespread strategies are needed to prevent the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This article discusses the proceedings from a roundtable convened in Washington, D.C. to develop a collaborative dialogue among human and animal health communities on antibiotic resistance. A summary of the proceedings includes key recommendations for stakeholders to institute strategies for preventing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. OVERVIEW Public health stakeholders need to work together to effectively manage the global public health threat of antibiotic resistance. The International Food Information Council (IFIC) Foundation convened a roundtable in Washington, D.C. to develop a collaborative dialogue among human and animal health communities. This unique roundtable consisted of representatives from medicine, veterinary science, public health, government agencies, and food safety. The group discussed ways to improve public understanding, knowledge gaps, strategies for science-based outreach, and mechanisms for reaching consumers and the media. The following is a summary of the proceedings, which includes key recommendations for stakeholders to institute strategies for preventing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. BACKGROUND Penicillin was first used in the treatment of infections in the early 1940s. Within a year, the first penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified. Today, 2 million people in United States are infected each year with an antibioticresistant pathogen, and approximately 23,000 die as a result of antibiotic-resistant infections (3). Another 250,000 suffer from Clostridium difficile infections, an adverse event primarily due to antibiotic use (3). The primary contributor *Author Correspondence: Phone: +1 202.296.6540; Fax: +1 202.296.6547 E-mail: flood@ific.org 390 Food Protection Trends September/October to antibiotic resistance is the use and misuse of antibiotics in humans and in food-producing animals and crops. Data show that in human health, 50 percent of antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate, placing unnecessary pressure on bacteria to become resistant (2). Worldwide data on Streptococcus pneumoniae infections reveal that the countries with the highest use of penicillin have the highest penicillin resistance rates (1). An increase in bacterial resistance is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality (1). The public health community is also monitoring the risk of antimicrobial resistance caused by use in food-producing animals. Some speculation has perpetuated the notion that 80 percent of antibiotics sold in the United States are used in the agriculture industry for growth promotion and infection prophylaxis. However, this is simply not true (11). Regardless of the amount, food-producing animals that receive antibiotics must undergo a specified withdrawal time for the drug to be eliminated from the animal prior to it entering the food supply. Enhanced monitoring efforts currently under way will provide a more accurate indication of the amounts being administered in agriculture. In addition to food-producing animals, imported food poses another threat. The United States imports approximately 20 percent of its food each year, including approximately 96 percent of fish, 10 percent of beef, 26 percent of fresh fruits, http://www.foodprotection.org/files/food-protection-trends/sep-oct-16-doyle.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - September/October 2016

Contents
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2016 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2016 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2016 - Contents
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