Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - (Page 44) Materials World 锡球生产方法确保封装器件 的集成优化 列阵封装器件生产,特别是BGA和CSP封装制造, 在过去的十年中取得了近25%的年复合成长率,并预 测会保持持续的增长。同时,器件的封装趋于集更 多的功能于一体,产生更多的输入/输出计数和更小 的球间距。其中一个决定封装成败的很明显的关键 因素就是底部锡球的集成优化,锡球将被用于连接 此器件与其载体。令人惊讶的是,没有一个通用的 国际标准来衡量锡球的质量。封装公司只能依赖于 锡球制造商的生产和质量控制方法以及他们自己的 分析。 一个创新的锡球生产方法应该是可以生产具有一 定标准的质量、重复性和控制精度的锡球,这些是 通过传统的制造方法不可能实现的。当评估锡球的 质量时,你必须考虑3个主要因素:球体制造过程、 成品球的氧化程度和球体的几何形状。所有这些因 素将影响最终产品-BGA或CSP-的产量、性能和可靠 性。 传统的锡球生产方法是使用一种机械工艺,把 小金属颗粒从细丝或金属薄片中削剪或冲压出来, 然后将这些颗粒投入热油浴中,融化形成小球形液 滴。随着油浴冷却,液滴固化形成圆球。这个工艺 有其内在的局限性,由于每一个机械操作都对颗粒 的大小和均匀度加入一定量的偏差,两者合计,产 生难以接受的累积效应,因而造成锡球的尺寸误差。 影响锡球性能的另一个因素是通常所指的“黑 化效应”,简而言之:氧化。众所周知,在处理、 储存和运输过程中,如果锡球相互碰撞或撞击容器 壁,他们将变黑。这种氧化作用,如果很严重,并 由于焊剂不足或氧化层过厚而在回流过程中没有得 以修正,可以是相当不利的。这种状况可能导致锡 球和其对应的基体焊盘之间的焊接强度不足。很明 显,将氧化程度降低到最低是最理想的状态。 最后,但是也很重要的是锡球的几何形状-直径和 圆度。多数供应商通过测量两个方向,x和y,来确定 他们的球形直径。但这不是一个优化的方法,因为 这样很容易错过其中最大的和最小的直径。圆度也 是一个测量方法,应该值得考虑,已由极少数锡球 供应商所采用。为了发挥其最高性能,锡球应该是 接近完美的球形。球体的几何形状之所以重要的原 因是多方面的。首先,当今的置球设备是非常精确 的,任何畸形的锡球也许会造成设备的阻塞,从而 极大影响生产量。其次,如果在相同的BGA上使用的 锡球有不同的直径,并且差别相当大,可能造成共 面性的问题。 但是,一个应用独特的锡球制造方法的新技术 已经研制成功,消除了几乎所有的这些问题,可产 生非常园的球形,具有一致的、可重复的直径和极 低的氧化度。该专利工艺采用机械喷射程序和创新 的分类方法,其结果产生优良的质量控制,极低的 污染(氧化)和优秀的共面性。为解决常见的氧化 问题,相应的工艺也已被研发,以减少表面氧的含 量,因此,最大限度地减少了“黑化效应”,并增 加锡球的贮藏期限。 一些独特的观点也应用于直径和圆度。我们公司 相信,两次测量以决定球的直径是根本不够的。我 们认为,应使用至少10次测量 - 有时更多,锡球的 直径应是基于多次测量的平均值。此外,圆度值(R) 定义为最大直径及最小直径的差值除以球的直径。 作为一项规则,当锡球的R值(根据上述公式)小于 0.033时,球的圆度值将被视为良好。 封装专家应质疑他们的锡球供应商,他们采用了 怎样的防止氧化的安全保障和程序。同等重要的是 锡球的直径和圆度的一致性,特别是当我们移向越 来越微型化封装和更小的球间距,球的质量、可靠 性、一致性和性能必须得到保证,以确保高产量的 封装器件。在这个追求更小、更好、更节约的环境 中,几乎没有空间容忍偏差。确保你的锡球(并且 你所采购的成品器件上的锡球)的制造采用最新的 技术,否则,你也许会为你的器件重新置球! ■ circuitsassembly.com Renzhe Zhao, Ph.D., is technical manager of applications engineering at Henkel’s Electronics Group (henkel. com); renzhe.zhao@ us.henkel.com. For the English version, visit circuits assembly.com. Continued from pg. 16 Overall, my conversations indicated several things. Exhibitors with an in-demand product seemed to have met their traffic expectations and, in some cases, liked the show split. Peripheral exhibitors such as EMS providers, hoping to pull prospects from general show traffic, were a little disappointed. Exhibitors that marketed through multiple avenues such as conference and show participation increased their value for dollar spent because even while conference presentations should not be overtly promotional, they increase name recognition and usually generate leads related to the topic of discussion. There does appear to be interest in seeing show organizers and associations find a way to create a must-see event vs. a series of sparsely attended regional shows. Most companies appear to be cherry-picking among shows versus increasing exhibit activity as options increase. Reasons a U.S. must-see event won’t happen in the near future are plentiful. Profit targets at various organizers are a key factor. Most attendees travel within a 500-mile radius. Electronics manufacturing is more centered in Asia, and larger exhibitors are focusing on those shows because that is where the bulk of equipment sales reside. Smaller exhibitors don’t like large shows because they don’t stand out in crowded exhibit halls. Yet, Productronica continues to thrive, breaking all those rules. What is it that European show organizers know that we don’t? In the meantime, reflect on the tips mentioned here. Regional shows can be successful for those who develop and execute a strong marketing plan. ■ 44 Circuits Assembly JANUARY 2008 http://www.henkel.com http://www.henkel.com http://circuitsassembly.com http://circuitsassembly.com http://circuitsassembly.com
Table of Contents Feed for the Digital Edition of Circuits Assembly - January 2008 Circuits Assembly - January 2008 Contents Caveat Lector Industry News Market Watch Talking Heads Focus on Business On the Forefront Screen Printing Better Manufacturing Walking on Water Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering An A-to-Z Guide to X-Ray Inspection, Part II Evolution in Action Research Priorities for the Electronics Industry Selective Soldering Process Doctor Pb-Free Lessons Learned Materials World Product Spotlight Ad Index Assembly Insider Technical Abstracts Circuits Assembly - January 2008 Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Circuits Assembly - January 2008 (Page Cover1) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Circuits Assembly - January 2008 (Page Cover2) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Circuits Assembly - January 2008 (Page 1) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Circuits Assembly - January 2008 (Page 2) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Contents (Page 3) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Contents (Page 4) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Contents (Page 5) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Caveat Lector (Page 6) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Caveat Lector (Page 7) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Industry News (Page 8) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Industry News (Page 9) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Industry News (Page 10) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Industry News (Page 11) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Market Watch (Page 12) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Market Watch (Page 13) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Talking Heads (Page 14) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Talking Heads (Page 15) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Focus on Business (Page 16) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Focus on Business (Page 17) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - On the Forefront (Page 18) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - On the Forefront (Page 19) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Screen Printing (Page 20) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Screen Printing (Page 21) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Better Manufacturing (Page 22) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Better Manufacturing (Page 23) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Walking on Water (Page 24) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Walking on Water (Page 25) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Walking on Water (Page 26) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Walking on Water (Page 27) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 28) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 29) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 30) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 31) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 32) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Flux Selection for Lead-Free Wave Soldering (Page 33) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - An A-to-Z Guide to X-Ray Inspection, Part II (Page 34) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - An A-to-Z Guide to X-Ray Inspection, Part II (Page 35) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Evolution in Action (Page 36) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Evolution in Action (Page 37) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Research Priorities for the Electronics Industry (Page 38) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Research Priorities for the Electronics Industry (Page 39) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Selective Soldering (Page 40) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Process Doctor (Page 41) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Pb-Free Lessons Learned (Page 42) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Pb-Free Lessons Learned (Page 43) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Materials World (Page 44) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Product Spotlight (Page 45) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Ad Index (Page 46) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Assembly Insider (Page 47) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Technical Abstracts (Page 48) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Technical Abstracts (Page Cover3) Circuits Assembly - January 2008 - Technical Abstracts (Page Cover4)
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