Printed Circuit Design & Fab - March 2009 - (Page 42) SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age United States Report Addendum 03 Smart Grid 19 SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age United States Report Addendum 03 Smart Buildings 33 GReeN manufacturInG Summary of Smart Grid opportunity What ICT can do U.S. reduction potential in 2020 MMT of CO2 230-4801 Integrating renewable energy Summary of Smart Building opportunity What ICT can do U.S. reduction potential in 2020 MMT of CO2 270–3601 Smart Building design Description • Balance unpredictable supply from renewable sources with demand Example • Software algorithms • Remote monitoring of production • Pool distributed sources into "virtual power plant" • Automatic detection and pre-emption of faults • Adaptive voltage control • Extended granularity of information for the grid's remote control systems • Smart meters with time of use prices • Intelligent thermostats and appliances that adjust usage based on prices • Web-based interface to control and analyze usage Description • Design buildings that have minimal, or even negative, energy consumption Example • Simulation and modeling design software: building size, lighting, choice of material, air flows and HVAC sizing • Building Information Modeling (BIM) 56% Reduce T&D losses 25% • Remotely monitor grid performance and balance utilization of resources 50% • Provide information on prices and usage to customers Consumer awareness 50% Smart Building technology 19% • Optimize energy consumption of an entire building in realtime based on inputs from occupants, local utilities and outdoor weather • • • • • Smart appliances Smart sensors and controls Building Management Systems (BMS) Smart meters Decision-making software Breakdown of ICT-enabled CO2 reduction potential 1. Multiple levers contribute to the reduction potentials. The midpoint was used to obtain the percentage break-downs. See appendix for details. Breakdown of ICT-enabled CO2 reduction potential 1. Multiple levers contribute to the reduction potentials. The fIGure 2. Summary ofSee midpoint was used to obtain the percentage break-downs. smart building opportunity (courtesy appendix for details. Global e-Sustainability Initiative). fIGure 1. Summary of smart grid opportunity (courtesy Global e-Sustainability Initiative). What stands in the way Challenges What should happen Policy Key considerations What stands in the way Challenges What should happen Policy Key considerations In terms technical maturity research has been done to • Incentives for demand • Limited of innovation, Provide incentives for reduction are most critical improve • Technology sequencing and energy efficiency of components, of subsystems utilities to • Adoption smart meters Technical dependency invest in energy can help address technology and full products. A prime example is the efficiency gains • Need for interoperability efficiency sequencing issues • Promote open competition of displays.tolerance for errors CRTs (cathode-ray tubes) with Replacing and encourage partnerships • Low Economic • Complex business case for LCDs (liquid crystal displays) isby massive energy-saving a Lead • Capitalize on strong utilities example with opportunity. The potential for savingssignalingeven drive is effect greater federally owned • Strive for scale to utilities down costs with the • advancement of new technologies, such as LEDs Lack of awareness • Publicize benefits and the Behavioral lessons from experience to (light-emitting diodes) and OLEDs (organic light-emitting encourage other adopters diodes). Harnessing the power of innovation in the indusChallenges where government intervention is most necessary are underlined try to reduce energy intensity will be key to a minimized footprint of products and businesses. Influencing Other Sectors The electronics industry has significant potential to enable reduction of energy consumption in other sectors of the economy. Adding intelligence to systems (e.g., cars, plants) through embedded components will make it possible to improve energy efficiency of operations in very different areas. The initial focus should be on creating “smart” power grids, buildings and even lights, because of their importance with regard to energy use and the potential for improvement. Other sectors that deserve attention are manufacturing and transport. In the EU, the potential for saving energy in manufacturing and transport is expected to be an estimated 25% and 26%, respectively, of the total primary energy consumption by 2020. Smart power grids. Improving the power grid is an urgent need, as around one-third of all primary energy is used to generate electricity (fIGure 1). There is a huge potential for improving electricity generation by improving transformation efficiency (estimated at 30% to 40% in the EU), as well as addressing the losses in transport (2%) and distribution (8%).6 The industry can contribute here, not only by helping to reduce loss and increase efficiency, but also by supporting the management and control of the distributed power grid. The proliferation of local energy networks, integration of renewable energy sources, increasing use of co- and micro-generation and new user demands make it necessary to adopt the most advanced technologies available for monitoring and control, as well as for electronic trading of electricity. Smart• Limited interoperability are only possible• Support consistent, grids, which with the support Combine mandates and performance-based building of Technical • Limited deployment help cut incentives to electronics, can of Smart greenhouse gas emissions. standards Grid infrastructure drive change • Balance "carrot" and "stick" They also are needed to readily integrate renewable energy Add • Misaligned incentives environmental • sources like wind and solar power, and toAddress the consumers offer shortage of Economic requirements in expertise • High up-front cost certification • Build on existing efforts the option to reduce their own carbon footprints.7 process • Both new Addendum The SMARTexpertise 2020/UnitedLead by States Report builds and retrofits • Shortage of example • Share learnings with building Behavioral and ICT industry indicates that smart grids have the potential to achieve Invest in R&D • Support investment significant CO2 reductions. An estimated 56% ofin both these public and private sector Challenges where are expected reductions government intervention is most to be accomplished by integratnecessary are underlined ing renewable energy, 25% by reducing transport and distribution losses and 19% by providing customers with information on prices and use. Smart buildings. Of the total energy consumption in Europe, more than 40% is related to buildings, be it residential, public, commercial or industrial. European projections indicate considerable energy savings can be expected – up to 27% in residential and 30% in commercial buildings.6 In the US, it is estimated smart building technology will account for approximately 50% of the CO2 reduction potential. Introducing advanced, flexible and integrated electronics for energy management in old and new buildings will help reduce energy consumption (fIGure 2). Smart metering and other smart systems can gather data on the status of a building and the operation of the equipment, which can be fed into a control system to optimize energy performance. When coupled with better insulation and increased control of natural light, these solutions will affect significant reductions. Smart lighting. Approximately 20% of the world’s electricity consumption is used for lighting, making it a natural target for improving efficiency. The use of LEDs, which are highly efficient and already commercially available, can save up to 30% by 2015 and up to 50% by 2025.5 Integrating sensing capabilities to make lighting adjust to natural light and people’s presence promises even further improvements. OLED is another technology – currently under development – that promises significant potential. In addition to the fact that the technology is very energy efficient and environmentally safe, this type of lighting can also be made on flexible materials, which opens up a wide range of new options. MARCH 2009 PRINTED CIRCUIT DESIGN & FAB
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