Power June 2007 Clean Energy Systems, Inc. - (Page 4) GENERATION TECHNOLOGY 7. Carbon tax shelter. An artist’s rendering of the 50-MW zero-emissions demonstration plant to be built as part of Norway’s ZENG project. Source: Clean Energy Systems Inc. rately or bundled with ultra-low-emissions power. Two existing projects in the first category are described below. The SEQ-1 Project in the Netherlands will use a modified CES process. A CES combustor operating at modest pressure (~500 psia) and fueled by natural gas recovered from a “depleted” field will create steam in a compact heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) that will drive conventional steam turbines. This 50-MWe (nominal) power plant will pump the captured and separated CO2 into the same field to enhance gas recovery. Three unique factors favor the commercial viability of this project: ■ syngas (HDS) as the fuel for the CES oxycombustor. This option may be particularly attractive if the objective is to produce hydrogen for off-site use (such as to power fuel cells) while providing a fuel source other than high-value hydrogen for on-site power generation. Although further analysis is required and will be conducted under the aegis of the NETL project, the CES process appears eminently suitable for fueling by HDS. In conjunction with the Phase I modeling effort, CES operated the existing Kimberlina combustor on simulated coal syngas and HDS. In these tests, a gas blending station was installed at Kimberlina and used to supply the combustor with both fuels. Specifically, the blending station delivered mixtures of CO, H2, CO2, N2, and CH4 to the combustor, which was modified to accommodate the lower-heating-value fuel. Although the tests were limited to firing rates of 5 MWt or less, they enabled CES to assess the performance and combustion/ emissions characteristics of the oxy-combustor on coal-derived fuels. Following the tests, CES is exploring options for testing the Kimberlina combustor at a gasification facility, to demonstrate its compatibility with actual coal-derived syngas. In Phase II of the project, which is currently under way, CES will use data from the 5-MWt tests to design a 50-MWt (nominal) combustor optimized for operation on coal syngas and HDS. In this effort, CES will use its experience and expertise to scale up Kimberlina’s existing, 20-MWt natural gas combustor. In Phase III, CES will fabricate the combustor and install and test it either at Kimberlina or at another location. ■ ■ The Dutch government has legislation in place that subsidizes climate-neutral electricity sources (including zero-emissions power plants) to the same extent as wind, solar, and biomass power. The geology of the gas field has been determined suitable for enhanced gas recovery. Dutch developers, working with CES, have brought together the necessary entities to evaluate the project and reach a consensus about its viability. A consortium to develop the project has been formed; among its members are ONS, a Dutch municipal utility, and a major European oil and gas company. have a capacity of about 70 MWe. At their front end will be gasifiers able to turn lowcost coal or coke feedstock into syngas fuel for the CES combustor. These plants will use the indirect cycle proposed for the SEQ-1 project: the combustor’s output raises steam in a compact HRSG that is used to drive conventional steam turbines. Early plants will use several of the 50-MWt syngas combustors that were demonstrated successfully at the Kimberlina facility. Later plants will leverage lessons to be learned about the combustor and controlling it as part of the SEQ-1 project. Ideally, a solid-fueled oxy-combustor plant would be sited where there is a local use for the CO2 by-product (enhanced oil or gas recovery, for example) and where airquality rules are particularly stringent. An optional feature of the CES process involves separating hydrogen from the syngas stream and using the remaining HDS to fuel the combustor. In these cases, the separated (and very valuable) hydrogen by-product stream could be delivered to local users such as refineries or heavy-fuel upgraders, or injected into a hydrogen pipeline. Watch out, IGCC In January 2007, CES announced that it is seeking funding to build the nation’s first natural gas–fueled zero-emissions power plant, a 50-MW facility to be sited in California. So far, Southern California Gas Co. has committed to support development of the technology. CES is also seeking funding for the proposed plant from the U.S. DOE and the CEC. This project, and the ones described earlier, will set the stage for second-generation plants that will use intermediate-pressure gas turbines and other technologies to enable higher-efficiency, low-cost power generation from coal—with CO2 capture. Near-term plants (available in about five years) would modify existing turbines and other components. Longer-term plants (available in about 10 years) would use advanced technologies such as the hightemperature turbines being developed by Siemens Power Generation with its September 2005 NETL grant. The second-generation plants would exploit future advances in air separation as well as synergies among the air separation unit, the gasifier, and the power island. By virtue of their high cycle efficiencies and low electricity production costs, oxy-combustor plants look to be a serious cost competitor to other methods of converting coal to electricity with CO2 capture—most notably, integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) plants. ■ Commercialization: The final step With the successful conclusion of the CEC program, sufficient experience and confidence has been gained to justify contracts for modest-sized (20 to 70 MWe) firstgeneration plants using present-day steam turbine technology. These projects fall into two categories: natural gas–fueled plants located where government incentives or CO2 credits are available, and coal or cokefueled plants whose CO2 and (possibly) hydrogen outputs could be marketed sepa- For more information on this project, visit www.seqnederland.nl. The Zero Emissions Norwegian Gas (ZENG) Project is being jointly developed by Lyse Energi AS, Nebb Engineering AS, Procom Venture AS, and CO2-Norway. It is supported by Norway’s Oil and Energy Department, Lyse Energi, and the U.S. DOE. The goal of this program is to develop and demonstrate “near-commercial” technology for zero-emissions power generation using Norwegian natural gas to fuel CES’s oxycombustor. Zero-emissions power plants are of particular interest in Norway because its government imposes high taxes on CO2 emissions. The ZENG project (Figure 7) is a multiphase effort. Phase 1, completed in July 2004, produced a concept and feasibility study. Phase 2, completed in late 2005, focused on preengineering and qualification. Subsequent phases will entail construction of a 50-MWe demonstration power plant near Stavanger, Norway, that could be commissioned as soon as 2009. Later, a high-efficiency, 200-MWe zero-emissions power plant would be built at a Norwegian location to be determined. For more information on this project, visit www.zeng.no. CES will also work to make the oxy-combustor compatible with solid fuels. It expects the first generation of plants of this type to —Keith Pronske is president & CEO of Clean Energy Systems Inc. He can be reached at klpronske @cleanenergysystems.com. Posted with permission from POWER. Copyright © 2007. All rights reserved. #1-22475983 Managed by The YGS Group, 717.399.1900. To request a quote online, visit www.theygsgroup.com. http://www.seqnederland.nl http://www.zeng.no http://www.cleanenergysystems.com http://www.theygsgroup.com
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