POWER August 2010 - 20

to an ABB generator, boosting the total
electrical output to 165 MW. In the
winter, the units also provide up to 162
MW of district heating. The system has a
maximum design efficiency of 91% when
used for CHP (Figure 5).
The second unit-Vuosaari B-went
online in 1997, using the newer and much
larger Siemens V94.3 gas turbines (now
called SGT5-4000F), which are rated at
163 MW at an ambient temperature of
0C, and higher during winter. The exhaust
goes to a Foster Wheeler Energia Oy boiler,
which drives an ABB Stal steam turbine
(145 MW backpressure steam turbine only,
172 MW backpressure and condensing turbines
both operating) connected to a 200MVA
GEC Alstom generator.
5. Flexible plant design. Helsingin Energia, the city utility of Helsinki, Finland, constructed
its Vuosaari Power Plant to generate electricity plus thermal energy for space heating during
the winter. During the summer, that same thermal energy is used to generate additional electricity
with a steam turbine. Courtesy: SSS Clutch Company Inc.
In winter, the plant can operate at up
to 92% efficiency when generating 470
MW and 400 MW(thermal) of district heat.
Simple Energy Storage
As part of its efficiency plan, the Vuosaari
plant creates hot water overnight
and stores it in a 25,000-cubic meter
storage tank at close to 100C. Lampinen
compares it to the way that natural gas
pipeline operators pressurize a pipeline
as a means of storing energy in pipes
(Figure 6).
" If you have already pumped the gas
into the pipeline from Russia to Helsinki,
if there is a breakdown in the
pumping equipment, you have several
hours to repair it, " he says. " We have
the same situation, where we have the
heat already stored. It is like a battery:
We can charge the district heat network
at nighttime, so in the early morning
hours it is available. "
He says that this arrangement works
best in the spring and autumn. Summer
months don't require heating, and in the
winter, heat is required around the clock.
6. Efficient thermal storage. Thermal energy produced by the plant during the night
can be stored as 100C hot water that's ready for use in the morning. The overall energy usage
at Vuosaari Power Plant is often above 90%. Source: SSS Clutch Company Inc.
SSS
Clutch
LPST
48 MWe
IPST HPST
Generator
172 MWe
Balancing Act
Although both the Vuosaari units are designed
for greater than 90% efficiency, operating
the plants requires balancing the
factors of fuel prices, electrical demand,
weather, and the prices of carbon credits.
The electrical market was deregulated in
June 1995 under the Energy Market Act,
and sometimes it is cheaper to purchase
power on the market than to generate it
locally. At other times it is better to generate
extra electricity to sell to the grid.
The Kyoto Protocol also has an impact.
The Vuosaari plant operates on natural
gas and so has lower carbon dioxide (CO2
)
emissions than Helsingin Energia's coalfired
plants. The utility now generates
48% of its electricity with gas compared
to 36% for coal. As a result, the average
amount of CO2
emissions has dropped from
District heating
400 MWe
Hot water
accumulator
25,000 m3
~100C
HRSG
Siemens
V94.3 GT
GEC Alstom
generator
163 MWE
HRSG
Siemens
V94.3 GT
GEC Alstom
generator
163 MWE
Switchyard
400 g/kWh in the Kyoto reference year of
1990 to 290 g/kWh currently.
Nevertheless, due to rising power demand,
the utility still emits 20% more CO2
(4.1 metric tons) than it did in 1990 (3.4
mt). The utility does, therefore, have to
factor in the carbon costs when making its
generation decisions.
Finally, temperature plays a role. Because
the Vuosaari plants achieve their
efficiency through CHP, and heat is not
needed in the summer, it may be more
efficient to shut the plant down and just
buy electricity from other sources.
20
www.powermag.com
POWER | August 2010
http://www.powermag.com

POWER August 2010

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER August 2010

Contents
POWER August 2010 - Cover1
POWER August 2010 - Cover2
POWER August 2010 - Contents
POWER August 2010 - 2
POWER August 2010 - 3
POWER August 2010 - 4
POWER August 2010 - 5
POWER August 2010 - 6
POWER August 2010 - 7
POWER August 2010 - 8
POWER August 2010 - 9
POWER August 2010 - 10
POWER August 2010 - 11
POWER August 2010 - 12
POWER August 2010 - 13
POWER August 2010 - 14
POWER August 2010 - 15
POWER August 2010 - 16
POWER August 2010 - 17
POWER August 2010 - 18
POWER August 2010 - 19
POWER August 2010 - 20
POWER August 2010 - 21
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POWER August 2010 - 23
POWER August 2010 - 24
POWER August 2010 - 25
POWER August 2010 - 26
POWER August 2010 - 27
POWER August 2010 - 28
POWER August 2010 - 29
POWER August 2010 - 30
POWER August 2010 - 31
POWER August 2010 - 32
POWER August 2010 - 33
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POWER August 2010 - Cover3
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