POWER December 2013 - 38

RENEWABLES IN CHINA
and doubly fed induction generators on grid
short-circuit current through field research.
Wind's Impacts on Grid Power Quality.
Wind speed fluctuation is quite obvious in
Northwest China, especially on the Tibetan
Plateau. We would take the Northwest Grid
as the example to analyze the output power
fluctuation of integrated wind power units resulting
from the random fluctuation of wind
speed as well as the turbulence, wake effect,
and tower shadow effect during wind power
units' operation. Power quality problems
such as voltage fluctuation and flicker would
also be analyzed.
Wind's Impacts on Grid Stability. To
study this issue, we would take the Northwest
Grid, which has high wind power capacity as
an example, studying the impacts that wind
power integration has on original power flow
distribution, line transmission power, and system
inertia. When analyzing the influence of
wind power integration on grid transient stability
and frequency stability, we will discuss
its effects on main grid voltage stability.
Wind's Impacts on Equivalent Peak
and Valley Difference. When studying wind
power integration, we could consider wind
farm output as negative load. Therefore, we
could get the equivalent diurnal load curve
through associating the diurnal variation
curves of wind farm output and load, so as
to observe the peak-valley variation. In this
analysis, we take typical days in Baicheng in
Jilin Province, which belongs to the Northeast
Grid, and in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai,
and Ningxia, which belong to Northwest
Grid as examples to analyze net load (load
minus wind power production) peak and valley
difference changes, impacts on peaking
power and frequency modulation, and grid
operation cost changes.
Wind's Impacts on Regional Power
Grid Peak Shaving. Existing local units are
mainly used in China for peak shaving. Relevant
standards regarding interregional load
trading and settlement are absent in China so
far. In this analysis, we first would analyze
hydropower, large-scale gas-fired generation,
fast-response coal-fired units, and pumped
storage plant installed capacity and the roles
they each play in peak shaving.
At the same time, considering that wind
power is mainly concentrated in North China
(which suggests peak-shaving resources such
as cogeneration units should also meet users'
heating demand in winter), we will take
northeast areas as examples, analyzing impacts
on regional power grid peak shaving
while integrating large-scale wind power into
networks on winter nights.
Wind's Impacts on the Entire Grid
Network. Wind power integration in China
now is of large scale, long distance, and
high voltage. With the development of even
more wind farms, wind power accounts for
an increasingly larger percentage of installed
capacity, and its influence on the grid is expanding
from partial regions. Consequently,
we plan to conduct a statistical analysis of
wind power installed capacity integrated into
distribution and transmission networks. Then
we would assess impacts on overall grid security
and stable operation while wind power
is integrated into the grid through transmission
networks.
Requirements for Demand-Side Management
and Interregional Transmission.
Considering the energy distribution
characteristics and the development of largescale
variable energy resources in China, it's
urgent to improve interregional resource allocation
optimization ability and to enhance
demand-side management (DSM) to achieve
interregional transmission. In this phase, we
will focus on analyzing the impacts on wind
power consumption and energy utilization
efficiency enabled by DSM enhancement
and interregional transmission. We will also
study the necessity of DSM and interregional
transmission for VG integration.
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Techno-economic Evaluation
of Technologies to Support VG
Integration
During the 12th Five-Year period, the eight
biggest wind power bases will gradually be
constructed in Hebei, west Inner Mongolia,
east Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shandong, Jiangsu,
Jiuquan, and Hami. The installed capacity
of each base may exceed 10 GW, and
total capacity could reach 65 GW. Bases in
Jiangsu and Shandong will mainly focus on
offshore wind power development. The distribution
of wind resources in China is shown
in Figure 2; distribution of the eight largest
wind power bases is shown in Figure 3.
After analysis of the difficulties and challenges
posed by grid-integrated variable
generation and initial investigation of the distribution
of wind resources and load, we could
address those challenges by developing four
typical planning programs: Northeast China
(high wind power, low load), Northwest
China (high wind power, lower load), North
China (high wind power, high load), and East
China (high wind power, higher load).
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and east Inner
Mongolia are included in Northeast China,
which is abundant in hydropower with
low local load. Xinjiang, Gansu, and west
Inner Mongolia are included in Northwest
China, which is rich in coal, with low load
level as well. North China contains Hebei,
POWER | December 2013
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POWER December 2013

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