POWER February 2012 - 14

sioned and can also operate in shallower waters between 30 m
(98 feet) and 50 m (164 feet).
The WindFloat is fitted with patented water entrapment plates
at the base of each column, which dampens water turbulence
effects. It also features a closed-loop hull trim system that mitigates
wind-induced thrust forces-a system that provides the
added benefit of better energy conversion efficiency in the event
of a change in wind velocity and direction. The system is moored
with conventional components, including chain and polyester
lines, and pre-laid drag-embedded anchors. Challenges that could
encumber development of the design include roller-coasting steel
prices and grid connectivity issues.
Nevertheless, the simple, economic design could reinforce the
world's offshore wind industry, the structure's developers say.
" The (deep) ocean is the next big energy frontier, " said António
Vidigal, CEO of EDP Inovação, the Portuguese firm that has called
WindFloat " one of its more promising technologies. " " Deep offshore
wind technology, in particular the WindFloat, will allow us
to harness stronger and more stable winds, and in the medium
term deliver sustainable energy into our electrical system. Now is
the time for extensive testing and validation, moving forward in
the development of this promising technology. "
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back for
CCS Projects
Last December, as Spain's national carbon capture and storage
(CCS) research laboratory Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (CIUDEN)
began a much-watched testing phase of oxycombustion in its 30MWth
circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler in Cubillos del Sil,
Vattenfall scrapped the €1.5 billion ($2 billion) Jänschwalde CCS
demonstration project that it had planned to build and begin operating
by 2015 in the German federal state of Brandenburg.
CIUDEN's two-month-long project at its Technology Development
Centre for CO2 Capture (es.CO2) first began using gas in its
Foster Wheeler-provided CFB boiler and later, indigenous, lowreactivity
anthracite coal. The operation has now switched to
oxy-combustion-using oxygen rather than air (Figure 4). The
process, which the center says could " reach CO2
concentrations
in flue gas [of] around 60% instead of 15% as in conventional
combustion, " is expected to be complete within the first half of
2012, which would be marked by startup of the CO2
purification
and compression system. As part of the next phase, the center
will finalize integration of the set of units involved in CO2
ture and prepare them for CO2 transport and storage.
capCIUDEN
CCS developers said their project is a " world first " for
a carbon capture plant that uses oxy-combustion, burning coal
in a CFB at such a scale, and " with the main aim of obtaining
the design parameters of commercial power generation facilities
at a larger size. "
Spain's government efforts to develop CCS technologies also
include development of a CO2 Geological Storage Plant currently
under construction in Hontomín, in the Burgos region, which is
expected to be operational in 2013.
Support for CCS seems flat across much of the remainder of
the European Union (EU), where members are scrambling to
meet ambitious targets to slash greenhouse gas emissions 20%
by 2020 and 80% to 95% below 1990 levels by 2050. Recent
European Commission and International Energy Agency reports
project increased coal consumption-which they say is necessary
for energy security-and have urged more state support for CCS.
Meanwhile, Vattenfall said it was forced to cancel the Jänschwalde
demonstration plant and blamed " insufficient will in
14
www.powermag.com
POWER | February 2012
German federal politics. " The company cited lack of progress on a
CCS draft bill by Germany's lower house, saying that " a clear legal
framework is needed and that the existing draft for the CCS law
is, without substantial improvement, insufficient for multi-billion
investments in further development of this technology. "
The Jänschwalde project would have investigated both oxyfuel
and postcombustion carbon capture technologies, outfitting
two 250-MW boilers at the existing lignite-fired 3,000-MWe
Jänschwalde power plant with a 250-MW oxyfuel boiler and a
postcombustion capture unit. The demonstration was expected
to capture 1.7 million metric tons per year of CO2
over 90%. The effort was slated to be a scale-up of Vattenfall's
30-MWth pilot plant at Schwarze Pumpe-the world's first oxyfuel
pilot plant-and had received €180 million ($235 million)
from the EU's European Energy Program of Recovery.
The company is expected to continue development of CCS at
the UK's largest CCS pilot plant at Ferrybridge Power Station in
West Yorkshire, which opened on Nov. 30, however. Vattenfall will
also continue test operation of the CCS pilot plant at Schwarze
Pumpe in Germany and work for the development of a European
CO2
storage infrastructure.
The high-profile Jänschwalde project was one of several cancelled
in 2011. Earlier in the year, as Basin Electric announced
that the cost and timing of a proposed CCS project at its Antelope
Valley Station in North Dakota had caused the plant's directors
to table the project indefinitely, German utility RWE halted
work on an integrated gasification combined cycle plant with CCS
in Hürth, citing a lack of an " adequate legal basis and promotion
of acceptance of the CCS technology by policy makers. "
In October, the UK pulled funding for a postcombustion CCS
project being built at the 2,400-MW Longannet power station
in Fife, Scotland, by ScottishPower, UK grid operator National
Grid, and oil company Shell. And in July, American Electric Power
shelved its $668 million CCS project at its 1,300-MW Mountaineer
Plant in New Haven, W.Va.-a project that had just completed
validation-citing uncertain U.S. climate policy and a weak
economy. Even the U.S. Department of Energy's FutureGen 2.0
oxy-combustion project now hangs in limbo after Ameren Energy
Resources in November pulled out of the venture spearheaded by
the FutureGen Alliance. The alliance is negotiating an option to
4. A commercial demonstration. The Compostilla OXYCFB300
Project, one of six similar projects funded by the European
Union's European Energy Programme for Recovery, is a carbon capture
and storage commercial demonstration project at ENDESA's Compostilla
Power Station in northwest Spain. The circulating fluidized bed
supercritical oxy-combustion plant will be scaled up to demonstration
size at 300 MW if initial phases are successful. Courtesy: CIUDEN
at a rate of well
http://www.powermag.com

POWER February 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER February 2012

Contents
POWER February 2012 - Cover1
POWER February 2012 - Cover2
POWER February 2012 - Contents
POWER February 2012 - 2
POWER February 2012 - 3
POWER February 2012 - 4
POWER February 2012 - 5
POWER February 2012 - 6
POWER February 2012 - 7
POWER February 2012 - 8
POWER February 2012 - 9
POWER February 2012 - 10
POWER February 2012 - 11
POWER February 2012 - 12
POWER February 2012 - 13
POWER February 2012 - 14
POWER February 2012 - 15
POWER February 2012 - 16
POWER February 2012 - 17
POWER February 2012 - 18
POWER February 2012 - 19
POWER February 2012 - 20
POWER February 2012 - 21
POWER February 2012 - 22
POWER February 2012 - 23
POWER February 2012 - 24
POWER February 2012 - 25
POWER February 2012 - 26
POWER February 2012 - 27
POWER February 2012 - 28
POWER February 2012 - 29
POWER February 2012 - 30
POWER February 2012 - 31
POWER February 2012 - 32
POWER February 2012 - 33
POWER February 2012 - 34
POWER February 2012 - 35
POWER February 2012 - 36
POWER February 2012 - 37
POWER February 2012 - 38
POWER February 2012 - 39
POWER February 2012 - 40
POWER February 2012 - 41
POWER February 2012 - 42
POWER February 2012 - 43
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POWER February 2012 - 45
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POWER February 2012 - Cover3
POWER February 2012 - Cover4
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