POWER February 2014 - 28

pairs. Nevertheless, test data reveals that there are multiple variables
within a lining system's chemistry-even environmental
factors-that can directly impact its long-term effectiveness-or
failure-on Alloy 2205.
It's All in the Chemistry
In order for an appropriate lining system to be properly specified
for new vessel construction or repair, the plant owner and
contractor must give the lining manufacturer a detailed list of
the vessel's operating conditions and the owner's goals for usage.
The list may include information like temperature variables, exact
chemicals used, or function of the vessel. Factors such as temperature
can affect differences in the permeation resistance of
the material, while certain chemicals used inside the vessel may
require a specific polymer base, such as an epoxy, epoxy novolac,
polyester, chlorendic polyester, vinyl ester, novolac vinyl ester,
or hybrid novolac.
In addition to the correct polymer base, an effective lining or
coating requires the optimization of many other ingredients and
elements, such as wetting agents, inhibitors, promoters, flexibilizers,
and resins (Figure 8 and 9). Together, these formulations
can make a huge impact on critical performance issues, including
chemical and abrasion resistance, adhesion characteristics, application
properties, crack-bridging capability, impact resistance,
and even regulatory compliance. Most importantly, these lining
formulations must undergo extensive laboratory testing and demonstrate
effectiveness during actual in-service evaluation.
Tying It All Together
Provided that the manufacturer's test data meets the performance
requirements of a given project, other factors, such as the cost of
the installation and projected production downtime, will also play
a big part in the project equation. That's when the lining's application
characteristics, such as high-build single-coat options
and fast cure rates, can help provide the most cost-effective and
fastest return to service possible.
At about half the cost of alloy metal cladding, an appropriate
lining system can be installed in just several days. Though
other outside determinants-such as ease of access to the vessel,
equipment and scaffolding, surface preparation, and onsite
scheduling of trades-can delay the installation process, owners
should expect a successful lining project to be completed within
about two to six weeks and offer up to 30 years of service with
only minor maintenance.
-Bill Slama (bill.slama@akzonobel.com) is a senior technical
advisor with International Paint/Ceilcote Products.
Retrofitting Mechanical Draft Fans to
Optimize System Performance
Mechanical draft fans are used exclusively in power generation to
move air and gas from one point to another. They create draft in
a process system so that fluid media can be induced, forced, and
boosted. Among all draft fans, centrifugal designs are the most
common in the power industry. They are robust in construction
and resilient in operation.
Capital investment, as well as the downtime generation loss to
replace these machines with a brand new installation can be substantial.
An economical alternative, which can save both money
and time, is to retrofit an existing fan. This article discusses possible
options and offers some strategies to maximize available
resources for retrofitting these fans.
28
New Demands on Old Technology
Most U.S. power plant fans have been in operation for some time.
Many were installed in the 1960s and 1970s, and are still in use
after 40 or 50 years. They were sized and selected for certain flow
requirements with little margin for future modifications. As policies
have changed and populations have boomed, the demands
placed on plants have also been altered.
Some specific reasons that might prompt a plant to retrofit
its existing fan are new environmental regulations, an emissions
control system upgrade (such as converting from an electrostatic
precipitator to a fabric filter), a boiler fuel conversion (such as
changing from bituminous coal to Powder River Basin coal), the
fan is being scheduled for retirement, or changed system demand.
Due to the high cost associated with a new installation,
retrofitting the existing fan is usually preferred.
www.powermag.com
POWER | February 2014
11. Post-installation velocity vectors. Flow separation was
reduced utilizing the optimization technique. Courtesy: ProcessBarron
Table 1. Draft fan motor amperage at various generating
loads. Motor current was reduced using the optimization
technique. Courtesy: ProcessBarron
Generation output (MW)
Pre-installation motor amperage (amp)
Post-installation motor amperage (amp)
40
257
202
45
263
214
49
274
226
10. Pre-installation velocity vectors. Flow separation is evident
in the images. Courtesy: ProcessBarron
http://www.powermag.com

POWER February 2014

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER February 2014

Contents
POWER February 2014 - Cover1
POWER February 2014 - Cover2
POWER February 2014 - Contents
POWER February 2014 - 2
POWER February 2014 - 3
POWER February 2014 - 4
POWER February 2014 - 5
POWER February 2014 - 6
POWER February 2014 - 7
POWER February 2014 - 8
POWER February 2014 - 9
POWER February 2014 - 10
POWER February 2014 - 11
POWER February 2014 - 12
POWER February 2014 - 13
POWER February 2014 - 14
POWER February 2014 - 15
POWER February 2014 - 16
POWER February 2014 - 17
POWER February 2014 - 18
POWER February 2014 - 19
POWER February 2014 - 20
POWER February 2014 - 21
POWER February 2014 - 22
POWER February 2014 - 23
POWER February 2014 - 24
POWER February 2014 - 25
POWER February 2014 - 26
POWER February 2014 - 27
POWER February 2014 - 28
POWER February 2014 - 29
POWER February 2014 - 30
POWER February 2014 - 31
POWER February 2014 - 32
POWER February 2014 - 33
POWER February 2014 - 34
POWER February 2014 - 35
POWER February 2014 - 36
POWER February 2014 - 37
POWER February 2014 - 38
POWER February 2014 - 39
POWER February 2014 - 40
POWER February 2014 - 41
POWER February 2014 - 42
POWER February 2014 - 43
POWER February 2014 - 44
POWER February 2014 - 45
POWER February 2014 - 46
POWER February 2014 - 47
POWER February 2014 - 48
POWER February 2014 - 49
POWER February 2014 - 50
POWER February 2014 - 51
POWER February 2014 - 52
POWER February 2014 - 53
POWER February 2014 - 54
POWER February 2014 - 55
POWER February 2014 - 56
POWER February 2014 - 57
POWER February 2014 - 58
POWER February 2014 - 59
POWER February 2014 - 60
POWER February 2014 - 61
POWER February 2014 - 62
POWER February 2014 - 63
POWER February 2014 - 64
POWER February 2014 - Cover3
POWER February 2014 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/pwr_march-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/pwr_february-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/pwr_january-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/pwr_december-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/pwr_november-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/re-tech-supp-to-power-september-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-and-re-tech-supp-september-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/Power-October-2022-140th-Anniversary-Supp
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/Power-October-2022-and-Anniversary-Supp
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-and-re-tech-supp-september-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/Power-July-2022-Intl
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2022-intl
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2022-intl
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/Power-April-2022-Intl
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-top-plants-supp-december-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-april-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-march-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-february-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-january-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-december-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-november-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-october-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-september-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-august-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-july-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-june-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/accessintelligence/POWER/power-may-2010
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com