POWER January 2015 - 50

FUNDAMENTALS
2. Ignorance is not bliss. The wrong coal was delivered for a test burn, and no analysis
was done to provide operators with a warning. By Day 4, a clinker approximately 10 x 20 x 4 feet
formed on the freeboard area, falling during turndown and destroying the bottom ash hopper.
Courtesy: Una Nowling
Reviewing the Results
After establishing that the sampling process
was done correctly, your fuel data should be
reviewed via several different processes to
ensure you have the best data for performing
your calculations.
Internal Consistency. Checking for internal
consistency involves checking for
mathematical and typographical errors. The
first thing I do is convert the proximate and
ultimate analyses to an " as received " basis.
Next, I ensure all of the components of the
proximate analysis sum to 100%, and repeat
this effort for the components in the ultimate
analysis. My rule of thumb is that both the
proximate and the ultimate analysis should
each sum to 100% +/-0.5%.
In addition, the moisture and ash values
and flue gas calculations, calculate boiler efficiency,
estimate NOx
production, and estimate
boiler tube corrosion rates.
■ An ash mineral analysis will provide a
breakdown of the minerals contained in
the ash on an elemental scale. An ash mineral
analysis will assist in predicting slagging
and fouling in the boiler, ash erosion
and corrosion, ash resistivity for collection
in electrostatic precipitators, and more.
■ A Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)
analysis will assist in determining the expected
mill capacity.
■ A trace element/heavy metal analysis will
help determine such effects as mercury
emissions and the potential for fouling of
your selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
Other tests are often conducted on a sitespecific
basis, such as testing the free swelling
index, ash viscosity T250 temperature
, sulfur forms,
and even computer-controlled scanning electron
microscopy (CCSEM) to determine the
mineral forms and quantities in the fuel. With
all of these types of analysis, accurate processes
and data recording are essential (see sidebar).
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
At some point you may wonder whether
a poor analysis is better than no analysis
at all. Here's the problem with that
line of thinking: A poor analysis can give
you a false sense of accuracy, whereas
with no analysis, you have to admit you
don't know a blessed thing about the
fuel quality.
The analysis in Figure 3 was taken
from an actual ship bill of lading from
late 2013, and it contains so many major
errors that any scientific analysis was

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POWER January 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER January 2015

Contents
POWER January 2015 - Cover1
POWER January 2015 - Cover2
POWER January 2015 - Contents
POWER January 2015 - 2
POWER January 2015 - 3
POWER January 2015 - 4
POWER January 2015 - 5
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POWER January 2015 - Cover3
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