POWER July 2010 - 40

POWER IN CHINA
1,800 MW by 2020, however. One official told
attendees at a solar conference in 2009 that the
plan could be expanded even more, possibly
reaching as much as 10 GW by 2020.
Turning up Transmission
A highly efficient, unified national grid system
ranks high on the government's stack of
reform priorities. Lack of transmission interconnection
between provinces has in the past
spurred construction of many regional coalfired
plants to meet localized peak electricity
demand, and a more robust grid is expected
to reduce the number of these plants going
forward. Also, it is expected to link key load
centers to the country's abundant coal and
hydro resources.
To that end, China has planned as many
as eight long-distance high-voltage lines by
2015 and as many as 15 by 2020. After it
put into operation a 600-km 1,000-kV UHV
AC circuit in late 2008, the government announced
that it had plans to build 17,600 km
of lines by 2012. Meanwhile, last December,
grid operator China Southern Power Grid put
into operation the first pole of a transmission
link between the southern Chinese provinces
of Yunnan and Guangdong, a 1,418-km UHV
DC system. That line has a transmission capacity
of 5 GW, and it operates at a voltage
of 800 kV-a world record. The YunnanGuangdong
line will transmit power from
giant hydropower plants under construction
in southwestern China to rapidly growing
southeastern industrial cities like Shenzhen
and Guangzhou in the Pearl River delta of
Guangdong Province.
8. Coastline power. The Shanghai
Donghai Bridge Wind Farm, China's first offshore
wind farm, uses 34 Sinovel SL3000 (3MW)
wind turbines. Each SL3000 contains a
set of core electrical components from American
Superconductor Corp. Courtesy: AMSC
A second 800-kV DC project has been
planned between the Xiangjiaba hydropower
plant, located in southwest China,
and Shanghai, 2,071 km away. That line-
which will possibly be the longest power
transmission link in the world when operational
later this year-will transmit 6,400
MW of power for its owner, State Grid
Corp. of China.
By 2020, the capacity of the UHV network
is expected to be 300 GW, of which hydropower
will account for 78 GW and wind
power from the north will constitute another
significant portion.
The Implications of
Technology Transfer
China has been cited as the " factory of the
world " because it eventually absorbs various
technologies. This sort of " technology transfer "
is especially apparent in the country's
nuclear dealings with foreign component and
reactor makers.
In its ambitious plans to increase nuclear
plant capacity to 160 GW by 2030, China
is driving companies to manufacture equipment
domestically. This strategy seems to be
paying off: The country kicked off its 21st
nuclear project, Ningde 3, in January, and
for the first time, 80% of the project's components
were sourced from Chinese suppliers,
including the digital control system. The
Ningde facility will comprise four CPR1000
reactors, indigenous 1,080-MW versions of
an AREVA-designed pressurized water reactor.
Also in January, the State Nuclear Power
Technology Co. (SNPTC) said it had selected
10 Chinese equipment manufacturers to accelerate
the country's deployment of domestically
developed third-generation nuclear
power technology.
Technology transfer will also reportedly
play a role in contracts between the SNPTC
and Westinghouse for that company's
AP1000 reactor design. While in the U.S.
and in Europe that design is slowly moving
The 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) and Beyond
In March 2006, China released its outline
of the 11th Five-Year Plan, a socio-economic
development guide that prescribes
government policy at national and local
levels from 2006 through 2010. The plan
explicitly outlines two formidable goals:
Doubling the per capita GDP from where
it stood in 2000 and reducing the energy
intensity of GDP by 20%.
A number of its 48 passages deal with
power sector reform, including plans to
develop and deploy more efficient and
environmentally friendly systems for generation
and transmission. Many call for
increased rural electrification with biogas,
crop residue-fired power, small hydropower,
solar, wind, and other renewable
energy sources, and for improvements to
rural power grids. Others call for steppedup
environmental protection, including
the lofty goal of making " 90% of existing
power plants meet emissions standards. "
Measures include accelerating the
installation of flue gas desulfurization
equipment at existing power plants and
requiring new plants to install controls to
meet emissions requirements.
But, as National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC) Deputy Director
Xie Zhenhua told attendees at a China Energy
Strategy Conference this May, " China
has contained the rising trend of high en40
www.powermag.com
ergy
consumption and carbon emissions
in the process of urbanization during that
period, but we still face great challenges
after high energy consumption has grown
rapidly since the third quarter [2009]. "
Xie said that in the first four years of
the 11th plan, the nation had reduced
energy consumption per unit of GDP by
14.38%-equivalent to saving 450 million
metric tons of standard coal. The government
planned crucial measures in 2010 that
would help it meet the target, including
" weeding out " high-energy-consumption
and low-efficiency technologies, he said.
This involves shutting down power generators
producing less than 10 million kWh
during the third quarter of this year. Xie
also said companies would be " punished "
if they exceeded the quota of stipulated
energy consumption per unit of GDP.
Meanwhile, grander plans for the power
sector are reportedly in the pipeline. A draft
national energy development plan for the
12th five-year period (2011-2015)-which
has been completed and is expected to be
released before the end of this year-attaches
priority to development of a smart
grid, according to the China Securities Journal.
NDRC officials have also been quoted as
saying that " new " energy industries will be
developed in this sequence: nuclear, hydro,
wind, and solar energy.
POWER | July 2010
http://www.powermag.com

POWER July 2010

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER July 2010

Contents
POWER July 2010 - Cover1
POWER July 2010 - Cover2
POWER July 2010 - Contents
POWER July 2010 - 2
POWER July 2010 - 3
POWER July 2010 - 4
POWER July 2010 - 5
POWER July 2010 - 6
POWER July 2010 - 7
POWER July 2010 - 8
POWER July 2010 - 9
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