POWER June 2011 - 16

NERC CIP Update
The North American Electric Reliability
Corp. (NERC) Reliability Standards
are under constant revision even while
new requirements are under active development.
As noted in the last NERC
Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)
update ( " Lessons Learned in Reliability
Standards Compliance, " October 2010,
available in the POWER archives at www
.powermag.com), the standards are constantly
undergoing revisions, updates,
and requests for interpretations. Three
important regulatory definitions are currently
being contested.
BES Definition
On November 18, 2010, Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 743
directed NERC to revise the definition of
the bulk electric system (BES) so that it
encompasses all the " Elements and Facilities "
necessary for the reliable operation
and planning of the interconnected bulk
power system. NERC believes that this additional
specificity in the definition will
reduce ambiguity and establish consistency
across all NERC regions in distinguishing
between BES and non-BES elements
and facilities.
NERC includes electrical generation resources,
transmission lines, interconnections,
and associated equipment in the
BES. An " element " is " any electrical device
. . . connected to another electrical
device, such as a generator, circuit breaker,
bus section, or transmission line. " A
" facility " is a " set of electrical equipment
that operates as a single BES element. "
Examples include generators, power lines,
and transformers.
In addition, NERC was directed to develop
a process for identifying any elements
or facilities that should be excluded
from the BES. NERC is working to address
these directives in two ways. First, it is
modifying the definition of BES through
the standard development process. NERC's
second approach is to develop a BES Definition
Exception Process as a proposed
modification to the NERC Rules of Procedure.
One particular problem is FERC's
preference for including all transmission
facilities rated at 100 kV and above in
the definition of BES. This approach contradicts
certain regional criteria that currently
consider facilities on a case-by-case
basis for inclusion in BES, regardless of
operating voltage.
16
On the surface, revising the definition
of BES to include all systems rated
at 100 kV and above appears to be an
easy fix. However, the devil is always in
the details. In this situation the uncertainty
lies with the exception process
that identifies facilities operating at or
above 100 kV that have minimal or no
system reliability impact and therefore
are not part of BES.
You can follow future developments
by watching NERC project 2010-17 on
the NERC website (www.nerc.com) on
the Standards Under Development page.
Industry members potentially affected
by the new definition should watch
these developments closely and submit
comments.
PRC-005-1 Interpretation
In a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
(NOPR) released December 16, 2010
(Docket No. RM10-5-000, www.ferc.gov),
FERC accepted an interpretation submitted
by NERC to clarify the scope of
equipment to be addressed in standard
PRC-005-1 (Transmission and Generation
Protection System Maintenance and
Testing). Although FERC accepted the interpretation
that clarified (in part) that
equipment such as battery chargers, auxiliary
relays and sensing devices, and line
reclosing relays are not included in the
scope of PRC-005-1, it then expressed
disagreement with the exclusion of such
devices and proposed to " direct NERC to
develop modification to the PRC-005-1
Reliability Standard . . . through its Reliability
Standards development process
to address gaps in the Protection System
maintenance and testing standard. "
NERC responded with a request that
it be allowed to address FERC's concerns
rather than having FERC issue directives.
The NOPR drafting team is currently
working on PRC-005 Version 2 to
reflect a complete framework for maintenance
and testing of equipment. This
unanticipated FERC comment will alter
PRC-005-2, which was posted for ballot
for May 3 through May 12, 2011. Now
the drafting team will either have to revise
the draft standard for the upcoming
balloting or quickly produce a version 3
that will answer FERC's concerns. Registered
entities should closely monitor
the ongoing PRC-005 proceedings and
be prepared to comment on whichever
approach is finally selected.
www.powermag.com
CIP-002-4 " Bright Line " Criteria and
FERC Request for Additional Data
Version 4 of the CIP Standards is currently
under review by FERC. The key change in
Version 4 is CIP-002-4, which seeks to
eliminate the current risk-based assessments.
Registered entities must apply annually
to determine asset criticality and
replace risk-based assessements with a set
of " bright line " criteria that will be used
to make the determination. The bright line
criteria are a series of thresholds and attributes
that BES equipment is measured
against to determine its criticality. They
include, for example, a 1,500-MW threshold
for generators, the inclusion of blackstart
resources in a restoration plan, and
the ability to produce over 1,000 MVARs of
reactive power. There are also thresholds
for transmission facilities of 300 MW or
higher and for control centers.
On April 12, FERC issued a data request
asking NERC what the consequences would
be of applying the Version 4 bright line
criteria to the BES. For example, how many
generators would be deemed critical, how
many transmission facilities, and how
many control centers? NERC advised FERC
that it is able to respond within the allotted
45 days on roughly half of the questions,
while the remainder would require
a survey of registered entities to compile
the data. An extension was requested and
granted on these specific questions.
CIP standards and their development
and revision will remain very high-profile
issues for the power industry for some
time. Regulators and registered entities
continue to work through the details of
protecting our bulk electric system against
an ever-changing cybersecurity threat.
-Contributed by James Stanton
(jamesstanton@att.net), principal adviser,
regulatory services, Quanta Technology.
Air Preheater Uses New
Adaptive Brush-Sealing
Design
Radial, axial, and circumferential metallic
seals installed on rotary, regenerative
air preheaters have evolved little from
the original metal strip designs that
date back to the original Ljungström
preheaters developed nearly a century
ago. Unfortunately, metallic strip seals
degrade soon after installation, allowing
excessive air-to-gas leakage, which
translates into increased fuel consumption
and fan power.
POWER | June 2011
http://www.powermag.com http://www.nerc.com http://www.ferc.gov http://www.powermag.com

POWER June 2011

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER June 2011

Contents
POWER June 2011 - Cover1
POWER June 2011 - Cover2
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