POWER March 2013 - 36
FUELS
Courtesy: Public Service of New Hampshire
Why Aren't Construction and
Demolition Wastes Considered
Biomass Fuel?
You may be surprised to learn that even with the increased demand for biomass
fuels for power generation, construction and demolition fuel is classified as solid
waste, not biomass. Reconsidering this designation is critical as U.S. environmental
regulations tighten emission profiles for solid waste combustion units and renewable
portfolio standards expand.
By Brandon Bell, PE, KBR Power & Industrial
M
any U.S. industrial coal users and
utilities are investigating alternative
generation options as the regulatory
squeeze on coal-fired combustion increases.
Some of these options include natural gas conversion
of solid fuel steam generators, decommissioning
of existing coal-fired steam generators
and replacement with natural gas combined
cycles, and the use of renewable fuel sources.
Given the historic volatility of natural gas prices
and suppressed energy demand growth in recent
years, many utilities have been reluctant
to make the switch to a completely natural gas
fleet. Some are considering biomass, because
the many new environmental rules and regulations
that call for reductions of coal-fired power
36
plant emissions-the Mercury and Air Toxics
Standards (MATS), Carbon Pollution Standard,
Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), and
Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule-exempt biomass
combustion.
Like natural gas, biomass fuels are uniquely
situated as a potential replacement for coal, particularly
where retrofits of existing solid fuel
boilers already have air quality control equipment.
Although biomass may not be the optimal
fuel for combustion in a steam generator
designed for coal combustion, the operational
issues experienced with biomass combustion
are well understood. Additionally, 30 of the 50
states plus the District of Columbia have renewable
portfolio standards (RPS) that give the biowww.powermag.com
mass
plant certain benefits, in addition to federal
production tax credits.
Each state has a unique RPS eligibility timeline
that generally falls between 2015 and 2025.
Each RPS will also have a different standard
or requirement for generation from renewable
sources, ranging from 10% to 33%. With such
a large portion of energy potentially coming
from renewable sources, energy producers must
focus on developing baseload renewable power
generation in the future.
Wind and solar power generation are intermittent
and often unpredictable resources that
depend on nature's cooperation. Hydroelectric
and geothermal resources offer baseload options
but are not universally accepted RPS techPOWER
| March 2013
http://www.powermag.com
POWER March 2013
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER March 2013
Contents
POWER March 2013 - Cover1
POWER March 2013 - Cover2
POWER March 2013 - Contents
POWER March 2013 - 2
POWER March 2013 - 3
POWER March 2013 - 4
POWER March 2013 - 5
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POWER March 2013 - Cover3
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