POWER March 2020 - 23

GENERATION TRANSITIONS
he said. Emissions-free nuclear power
also sparks debate.
1. Hawaii was the first state to commit to
the use of 100% renewable energy. Gov. David
Ige signed House Bill 623, setting a 100%
renewable energy goal by 2045, on June 8,
2015. Courtesy: Office of Gov. David Y. Ige /
State of Hawaii
easier said than done, but everyone benefits
when there is a system for sharing
lessons and experiences. As an increasing
number of local governments establish
clean energy targets, tapping into
existing resources from states that are
further along in the emissions-reduction
process will avoid reinventing the wheel
when time is of the essence and the climate
crisis calls for urgent action. "
Mandates, Goals, and Targets
Hawaii in 2015 passed the nation's first
law mandating a transition to 100% renewable
energy (Figure 1), and other
states have followed. While some states,
such as Hawaii and California, call their
legislation a " mandate, " others-such as
Connecticut, New Jersey, and Nevada-
call their policy a " goal. " Some locales
have set " renewable energy " or " clean
energy " targets; others talk of " carbon
free " or " carbon neutral " initiatives.
" The trend toward clean energy started
in the 1980s, but has really taken off
in the past few years, " said Hochschild.
He said that with more states and municipalities
joining the movement, " [today]
30% of the U.S population is now living
in an area with a clean energy mandate.
Fossil fuels are alternative energy now;
renewables are mainstream. "
Pedotto noted the definition of " clean
energy " has a role in how states, cities,
and utilities approach their goals. " States
should consider expanding the definition
of clean energy to include carbon capture,
waste management, and more, and
expand the reach and investment into
the development of those technologies, "
March 2020 | POWER
Is Nuclear Power Clean Energy?
" Nuclear should be considered part of
an overall clean energy strategy, given
the fact that it is a zero-emission product, "
said Pedotto. " It protects air quality,
has a small land footprint, and produces
minimal waste. However, if we begin incorporating
nuclear into our clean energy
strategy, the issue of nuclear safety and
radioactive waste has to be addressed. "
" For me personally, I'm pro nuclear, "
said Kathy Hannun, president and cofounder
of New York-based Dandelion
Energy, in an interview with POWER. " I
think if you quantify the risk of nuclear,
versus not nuclear, it's very clearly on the
side of nuclear " when it comes to zero
emissions. Hannun acknowledged, " I
think the downsides [of nuclear] are very
real, I just think the downsides of not doing
it are also very real, if you're trying to
meet a clean energy target. "
Southern Company, the fourth-largest
U.S. utility in terms of market value according
to Statista, also looks at nuclear
power as important to a clean energy
strategy. Southern is building two nuclear
units at the Vogtle plant in Georgia, the
first new U.S. reactor project in decades.
" Nuclear generation must be part of any
carbon-free future solution. We are committed
to nuclear energy as an integral
component of the full portfolio strategy
for low-to-no carbon operations, " wrote
Schuyler Baehman, a company spokesperson,
in an email to POWER. " Coinciding
with our construction of the only
two new nuclear units in the U.S. in the
last 30 years, we continue to leverage
the experience and expertise at Southern
Nuclear and our R&D [research and
development] division to fully explore all
potential opportunities within the current
nuclear fleet and with advanced technologies
including small modular reactors,
Gen IV reactors and more. "
Challenges for Utilities
Regional considerations have played a
major role in utility adoption of clean and
renewable energy targets. Some utilities
made their 100% renewable energy
pledges after either existing or pending
state law would set that requirement.
Others were proactive after state lawmakers
made it clear they would push
for renewable mandates. Now they must
accept the challenge of making the goal
a reality.
" I think it really depends on the utility,
[as to] what the biggest challenge will be, "
said Hannun. " The assets that they manage,
the challenges they face are specific
to their region. Coal is super inexpensive
compared to other things for New York
utilities, and a lot of heating is done with
fuels the utility doesn't control, but the
utility is still mandated to clean up their
heating. And in California, utilities struggle
with the duck curve, and infrastructure
that needs to be upgraded. "
" New York is really serious about its
clean energy goals, but the No. 1 source
of GHG [greenhouse gases] is transportation, "
said Hannun, whose company
was originally conceived at X, Alphabet's
innovation lab, and is now an independent
company offering geothermal
heating and cooling systems to homeowners,
particularly in the Northeast.
" How can New York accelerate the transition
to electric vehicles? Electrification
becomes the key strategy, whether it's
by electrifying heating or
transportation
[Figure 2]. And when you look at
2. The electrification of transportation, the No. 1 source of greenhouse gas emissions-
power generation is No. 2-is key to achieving clean energy goals. Electric buses, like
this MTA bus in New York City, are a large part of the plan in many major cities. Courtesy:
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
www.powermag.com
23
http://www.powermag.com

POWER March 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER March 2020

Contents
POWER March 2020 - Cover1
POWER March 2020 - Cover2
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